P-ISSN: 2808-5957
E-ISSN: 2808-6724
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579
SOCIAL EFFECTS OF KIJING INTERNATIONAL HARBOR’S BUILDING ON
LOCALS’ LIFE IN SUNGAI KUNYIT VILLAGE
Desca Thea Purnama
1
, Chainar
2
Faculty of Social and Political Science, Tanjungpura University, Indonesia
1
purnamadesca@untan.ac.id
2
chainar@fisip.untan.ac.id
Abstract
The construction of Kijing International Port which is being built by the government in the Sungai Kunyit District
area of Mempawah Regency is one of the ports that will become the entrance of trade import exports. Port
Development in the Kijing region is one of the government's programs to accelerate the provision of national
infrastructure as stated in Presidential Regulation No. 56 of 2018 concerning the Second Amendment to
Presidential Regulation No. 3 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of the Implementation of National Strategic
Projects. The existence of the construction of the Kijing international port indirectly poses risks or consequences
to the government and also the communities around the development area. The impact generated by the
development is not only the economic impact but also the social impact received on the construction of the Kijing
international port. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the social impacts that occur due to the
construction of Kijing International Port in the Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict area. The research method used is a
type of qualitative research with a descriptive summary. As for the output of this research, this research is
expected to be used as a book and entered into accredited journals.
Keywords: social effects; Kijing International Harbor; Sungai Kunyit Village
This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
INTRODUCTION
Development is something that must be done by a region. Development indirectly gives
meaning to a region heading in a more advanced direction. Development occurs on planning that
is carried out in a planned manner and has undergone a consideration process so that at the stage
of achieving the decision to carry out the development. With the regional autonomy granted by the
central government, the local government has the authority to take care of its household, one of
which is development.
The motive for development is the existence of efforts to develop pre-existing ones to be
used as something more advanced in the form of sustainable development. Development is the
process of changing the system that is planned towards improvement whose orientation is on
modernist development and socio-economic progress (Basri & Subri, 2006). Meanwhile,
according to Siagian (2008), development is a series of efforts to realize growth and change in a
planned and conscious manner, which is taken by a country towards modernity in the framework
of national development.
Basically, development can be done, if it is based on the understanding of development that
was initiated by the previous figures. How development is a step toward modernity and with
development, it is expected to grow economic value and create the welfare of the community in
the surrounding environment. In this case, the development must be in accordance with the rules
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
580 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
that have been established by the state, in Indonesia itself development is described in the Law of
the Republic of Indonesia No. 25 of 2004 related to the National Development Planning System
in Article 1 Paragraph 2 explaining that national development is an effort implemented by all
components of the nation in order to achieve state goals.
Physical and non-physical development is a form of development that can be done by a
region, depending on the needs of the region so that in the development of the need for calculations
are prioritized. Physical development includes the development of physical forms that can be seen
directly with the five human senses (Kuncoro, 2010). While non-physical development is a
development that comes from society and cannot be seen directly with the five senses but can be
felt by the community usually this non-physical development is a form of stabilization of
individuals or communities in social groups.
One form of development that is being carried out at this time is the construction of Kijing
Port in The Sungai Kunyit District of Mempawah Regency. The construction of Kijing Port is a
form of physical development carried out by the government through PT Pelindo II as a builder in
Kijing Port. According to Triatmodjo (in Mahadika, 2020) The port is a water area equipped with
sea terminal facilities including ship docks as a gateway to facilitate relations between regions and
their uses for industrial, mining, and other purposes.
The construction of Kijing Port is expected to be a gateway for import and export trade from
Kalimantan to areas outside Kalimantan. In addition, the construction of Kijing Port is one of the
government's steps to develop the region towards progress and as a driver of regional revenue. The
rules related to the violation of seaports have been regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of
Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 57 of 2020.
Port Development in the Kijing region is one of the government's programs to accelerate the
provision of national infrastructure as stated in Presidential Regulation No. 56 of 2018 concerning
the Second Amendment to Presidential Regulation No. 3 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of
the Implementation of National Strategic Projects. In this case, IPC received an assignment from
the Government to carry out the Kijing Terminal Development and Operation Work as mandated
in Presidential Regulation No. 43 of 2017 (https:// www.portdevco.com/, accessed on May 2,
2021).
Every implementation of development clearly has risks or consequences that must be faced,
both that befall the government and its people. In addition, development must sacrifice several
things in the stages or process of its construction. For example, in the process of building Kijing
Port, the government must be able to persuade or direct the surrounding community to sell its land
or hand over land as the development capital of Kijing Port.
There are 10 aspects of assessment to see the state of the port construction site, namely
coastal depth, dominant currents, tides, waves, sedimentation, disbursement flow, accessibility,
land availability, supporting facilities, and land conditions with the assessment making the
construction of Kijing International Port as a suitable place for the implementation of the Port.
Sungai Kunyit District has an area of 159.59 Km
2
, with the number of Villages / Hamlets as
many as 12 Villages / Hamlets. The construction of Kijing Port which consumes 14 trillion funds
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
581 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
is expected to be the modern port on the island of Kalimantan. With 12 villages in Sungai Turmeric
Subdistrict, Sungai Turmeric Laut Village and Bundung Laut Village became the most affected
villages with the construction of Kijing Port.
Based on secondary data obtained if there are 15 execution objects, consisting of seven land,
three buildings, and five lands and buildings located in Sungai Turmeric Laut Village, Sungai
Kunyit District (https://www.mongabay.co.id/, accessed on May 2, 2021).
Table 1. Community Land in Sungai Kunyit Laut Village in 2020
No
Name
Broad
1
Supriadi
2.929 m
2
2
Janani
2.021 m
2
3
Rabiah
4.363 m
2
4
Lina Apriana
390 m
2
5
Yusmaniar
5.064 m
2
6
Fatmah
198 m
2
7
Badrun Rais
7.063 m
2
Source: (https://www.mongabay.co.id, retrieved May 02, 2021)
In addition to land, there are several buildings and land and buildings that were also executed
in the construction of Kijing Port, namely three buildings in the name of Rudi Hartono, Rusmini,
and Edi Aprianto, as well as five land and buildings belonging to Mastur MD covering an area of
1,149 square meters, Jamiah (639
m2
), Noor Solihin (385
m2
), Nurasiah (394
m2
), and Yanti Tri
Puspita (5,411 m2). (https://www.mongabay.co.id, retrieved May 02, 2021).
The process of building Kijing Port did not escape rejection from the community. Based on
the data that researchers get if the community does not all agree with the construction of Kijing
Port. There are several reasons that make people refuse related to Kijing Port, namely rejection
related to land prices, the existence of discrepancies in land assessment, inappropriate payments,
and the loss of people's livelihoods as fishermen. Indirectly the construction of Kijing Port
produces social and economic impacts for its people, this can be seen from several reasons for the
rejection related to the construction of Kijing Port.
As for the secondary data that researchers get, there are prosecution actions carried out by
fishermen related to compensation from PT. Pelindo is related to the impact of the development
of Kijing International Port, which has killed the livelihoods of the affected people
(https://www.gatra.com). In addition, the community also lost their jobs permanently related to the
construction of the Kijing terminal port.
The government in this case needs to take a firm and wise decision lest the Port which is said
to be one of the economic boosters instead produces inequality and misery for the surrounding
community. Every development clearly produces socio-economic impacts for the country and
society, therefore the need to analyze the planned development carefully. In the construction of
development projects, the position of the community and the environment seems to always be an
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
582 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
object that can be sacrificed for the benefit of infrastructure development (Saparinah, in Mahadika
2020).
This study wants to examine more deeply the social impact resulting from the construction
of Kijing terminal port on people's social life. In short, how the social impact of kijing international
port development on people's lives in Sungai Turmeric District, Mempawah Regency, West
Kalimantan Province.
The purpose of this study is to answer the research questions that the authors have described
before, namely analyzing the social impact of Kijing international port development on people's
lives in The Sungai Kunyit District of Mempawah Province of Kalimantan Barat Province.
METHOD
This research is a type of descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The use of
descriptive methods will try to explain, say, describe, analyze, and so on, how the social impact of
the community is generated by the construction of an international port on the Kijing coast of the
Sungai Kunyit.
Qualitative approach is a way of research in the form of a description of sentences or words
so as to produce descriptive data forms. This approach is directed at the background and the
individual holistically (Moleong, 2004). This study uses a qualitative approach because researchers
consider the problems studied to be quite complex and dynamic so that the data obtained from the
informant is netted with a more natural method of direct interviews with informants so that natural
answers are obtained as well.
People in the Area of Sungai Turmeric Laut Village and Bundung Laut Village, Sungai
Turmeric District, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan Province, became our informant group
in this study. The reason researchers chose the area is that the construction of Kijing Port was
built by the two villages so researchers assume there is an impact resulting from development and
based on secondary data that researchers get shows if the village community is affected by the
construction of Kijing International Port.
The withdrawal of informant researchers uses purposive sampling techniques in determining
informants, especially the community around the construction of Kijing International Port in the
Sungai Kunyit. Namely the Sungai Kunyit’s Head, the Sungai Kunyit Police Chief, the Head of
the Laut Sungai Kunyit Village, the Head of Bundung Laut Village, Community Leaders, People
who live in The Sungai Kunyit Laut Village and Bundung Laut Village and traders who used to
sell around Kijing beach.
Data sources in research are very important, considering that it is the data source that can
later make a study missed. In retrieving data sources, data collection techniques are needed, namely
a way to get the data needed in research. In this study, the data source we use is a type of indirect
observation, then we conduct an interview as a complement to the data we will use. The interview
that the researcher will do is an unstructured interview, in the interview process the researcher will
use guidelines that contain the outlines of the problem. In the interview session, the researcher
will ask directly to the research subjects related to the research issues that the researcher raised.
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
583 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
The time span in conducting an interview session depends on the informant in presenting his
opinion or answer.
Furthermore, data collection with documentation documentation documentation conducted
in this study is by taking pictures when taking pictures when going down to the field with the help
of camera tools, in addition to documentation by recording and recording. The collection of data
in documentation is expected to be able to provide the accuracy of research data and make this
research more complete with data obtained accurately. The data validity technique used in this
study is to use the triangulation method. Triangulation is a technique of checking the validity of
data to check back related to research data.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Social impact is the influence of the consequences of an event, circumstances, policies so as
to cause changes both positive and negative for the social environment and social circumstances
(KBBI Online). According to Sudharto (1995), social impact is a social consequence that causes
the result of a development activity or the implementation of a policy and program of change that
occurs in humans and society caused by development activities. According to psychologist Bibb
Latane, social impact is defined as any influence on an individual's feelings, thoughts, or behaviors
created from the presence or action of real, implied, or imaginary others.
From the above presentation, researchers concluded that social impact is everything that
occurs as a result of an event, policy, and development that occurs in society and produces a change
that affects whether it is positive or negative. The positive influence of social impact means that it
indicates a change in a better direction, while a negative influence means a change in a worse
direction before the occurrence of a development.
The positive impact is something that is done is to convince, influence, and give a good
impression to others, with the aim that they can support and follow it. The positive impact of social
impact can be like guiding people to be able to think more forward, can improve people's welfare,
create jobs, and increase people's income.
While the negative impact is the opposite of the positive impact, which is something that if
done is to convince, influence, and give a bad impression to others, with the aim that they can
support and follow the bad things and cause certain consequences. The negative impact of social
impact is easily affected by instant things so as to make people become consumerists rather than
production actors, as well as air pollution due to industrial development.
Definition of Development
Development is an effort consciously implemented by a nation, state, and government in
order to achieve national goals through planned growth and change in modern society (Siagian,
2012). According to Rogers (2003) said development is a useful change toward a social and
economic system that is decided as the will of a nation. Furthermore, according to W.W. Rostow
(Hakim, 2004) development is a process that moves in a straight line, namely from underdeveloped
society to developed country society.
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584 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
From the presentation of the definition of development according to some of the experts
above, researchers can conclude that development is a process of conscious and planned change
carried out by a nation and state in order to lead development in a better direction than traditional
in the modern direction. Development is a process carried out to improve the welfare of the
community such as through the development of economic activities and improving the standard of
living of the community.
Development Impact
Development is a necessity in improving the welfare of people in a region and country, but
in the process of implementing its development certainly also has an impact on the community
both positively and negatively. The positive impact of development is that development activities
can open jobs, increase people's income, open investment in various fields, and raise the degree of
a country in the world.
As for the negative impact of development, such as development can cause the conversion
of agricultural land or plantations, air pollution due to industry everywhere, the occurrence of a
monopoly of power, as well as the many invasions or entries of foreign labor because of the quality
of human resources in an area is not good and becomes an opportunity for foreign workers to work
in the area.
Conflict Theory
In this study, researchers use conflict theory as a knife of researcher analysis to later be
related to the issue that the researcher so as to provide a complete discussion and at the same time
contribute to the theory. Conflict theory has differences from functional structural theory, both of
which are both basic theories or grand theories of sociological science.
Conflict theory believes that the balance or integration of society does not arise due to the
will of the individual or society itself, but is obtained through coercion carried out by groups that
have more power or finances. Conflict theory sees that society basically has elements of conflict,
in addition to integrative elements such as social consensus (Haryanto, 2012).
The emergence of cooperation or community balance is not caused by the formation that
occurs in society, but precisely because of the conflict that causes the cooperation to occur. In
addition, the theory explains if society experiences social disparities with other groups that the
result of that conflict arises and changes in society.
There is a struggle for social, economic, and political status based on the struggle for the
means of production to boost the status quo in order to survive. Differences of interest, the desire
to control certain times and groups to facilitate the activities of power or authority is one of the
substances of conflict theory. According to Dahrendorf (in Haryanto, 2012) conflict is a condition
that cannot be separated due to divergence of interests between classes in the hierarchy of power
and authority.
In this study, researchers used the Dahrendrof conflict theory to be the basis for analyzing
the social impact of Kijing international port. According to the author's initial analysis, if the social
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
585 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
impact generated by the construction of the Port is inseparable from the interests of the ruler related
to the development. In addition, if examined from secondary data that researchers get, there is a
social conflict that occurs between the builder and the community in the Sungai Kunyit area.
Social Impact of Kijing Port Development
The construction of a port for the people of Sungai Kunyit District indirectly affects the social
activities of the community. This was also conveyed by the Sungai Kunyit Camat Raden Suhartono
in an interview conducted by the author.
Based on the results of interviews conducted, the existence of port development has a social
influence on people's lives. There is a social impact generated positively and negatively with the
construction of the Port. With this development, the social changes of the community indirectly
change, especially among people who work as fishermen who usually do fishing activities in the
Kijing coastal area. So they cannot do the activity of looking for fish back in the region.
Social impact is a direct influence that causes the social situation of society to change. Of
course, in this case, the social impact generated by the construction of Kijing Port does not only
affect one social element but the social impact that is desired to affect various social elements.
Here the author shows the results of the author's interview with the informant, where the resulting
social impact affects various social elements.
Profession Changes
One of the social impacts resulting from the construction of Kijing Port is the change in the
livelihoods of some communities. The change in the livelihood occurred in the people in The
Sungai Kunyit Laut village and Bundung Laut village who directly felt the social impact due to
the construction of the Port because the two villages became villages that experienced eviction and
became villages mapped by the government for the construction of Kijing Port.
Changes in the profession are experienced by the community, where there is a shift in the
profession from the previous one. Some informant data that we managed to summarize where the
community experienced a transition or change in search points from before the construction of
Kijing Port and during the port construction process.
Table 2. List of Names of People Experiencing Changes in Professions
No
Name
Previous Work
Work Afterwards
Address
1
Samianto
Fisherman
Selling
Sungai Kunyit Laut Village
2
Kasmita
Fisherman
Laborer
Sungai Kunyit Laut Village
3
Jamul
Welder
Construction
Workers
Sungai Kunyit Laut Village
4
Mastur
WoodWorkers
Not Working
Sungai Kunyit Laut Village
5
Wales
Florist
Not Working
Bundung Laut Village
6
Uray
Traders in Kijing
Laborer
Sungai Duri I
7
Anang
Traders in Kijing
Merchant
Sungai Kunyit Laut Village
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
586 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
8
Raffi
Traders in Kijing
Laborer
Sengkubang Village
9
Sumiati
Farmer
Laborer
Sungai Kunyit Laut Village
10
Rita
Farmer
Laborer
Sungai Kunyit Laut Village
Source: Managed by Researchers, 2021
Table 2 shows the changes in search points experienced by some people. Some people who
are in the Village of Sungai Turmeric Laut who previously worked as fishermen, when the
construction of the Port turned into construction workers in Kijing Port. In addition, the
development caused some people to lose their main jobs and could not return to work, so indirectly
the construction of Kijing Port also caused unemployment for those who lost their main jobs and
could not work as construction workers or laborers in Kijing Port.
Based on the results of interviews that have been conducted, the existence of the construction
of Kijing Port made one of the informants switch jobs as a construction worker. This of course
makes Mr. Kasmita a little difficult because of the need to adapt back to his new job, besides that
the job transition also causes a change in income received by Mr. Kasmita's family.
Unlike Mr. Samianto who is also an informant of the author, where the construction of this
port caused the switch of search points from fishermen to traders. Mr. Samianto was forced to sell
small foodstuffs at his home which was assisted by his wife to meet the needs of the family. There
was a ban made on the construction of the port for fishermen, making Mr. Samianto have to leave
his job as a fisherman and switch to another job. If it is allowed to look for fish, then the area to
find fish has changed and the construction of the port also causes fish catches not as much as usual.
In addition to causing a shift in the profession, some of those whose homes were evicted had
to experience the loss of their livelihoods. The construction of this port not only has an impact on
those whose villages are one of the targets of eviction for development. For example, Walia's
mother is a florist, who used to sell in front of her house directly facing the big road so it is
considered one of the strategic places to sell flowers. However, with the eviction, Walia's mother
had to experience a move of residence which directly affected her livelihood.
Sungai Kunyit Laut and Bundung Laut villages are one of the villages that have a direct
impact on the development of Kijing Port, but the existence of port development also has an
impact on those who make Kijing beach a place to trade or become a seller around the coast that
comes from outside the villages of Sungai Turmeric Laut and Bundung Laut. Some traders who
usually do economic activities around Kijing beach must give up their livelihood as traders. This
was experienced by Uray one of the merchants who used to sell on Kijing beach.
In addition, not only Uray has experienced a change in search of food and beverage vendors
on Kijing beach, there is also Anang as one of the merchants who switched their livelihoods to
become a merchant who no longer sells around Kijing beach. Based on Anang's narration, there is
a very far difference when not being a trader around Kijing Beach.
The government's policy to create Kijing Port which will later become one of the economic
drivers of West Kalimantan does produce various pros and cons and cause social changes in the
community, especially the Sungai Kunyit District of Mempawah Regency. As we know, the social
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
587 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
changes that occurred in the community of Sungai Turmeric Laut Village and Bundung Laut
Village occurred starting from the social conditions and economic conditions of the community.
The social condition of the community that has changed is the change or transition of people's
livelihood. As the author has discussed before based on observations and interviews conducted,
some people experience changes in professions. For example, those who used to be fishermen
today are no longer fishermen but become laborers, besides that some of them also cannot work
as traders because of the condition of places that are not strategic because they experience eviction
of residences. This situation is experienced by those who have an old age of about 50 years to 70
years so that those who initially trade at home become no longer trading and do not work.
These changes must be experienced and communities must be able to adapt to their
environment in order to survive. With this development, changes in the profession are not also
seen as negative, but the positive impact of development that results in the transition or change of
people's livelihoods also occurs.
Based on the results of an interview with the head of The Village of Tenang, if the impact
resulting from development certainly provides changes in people's lives. The accepted risk is that
some people have to switch main jobs or even lose their jobs, but on the other hand there are new
job opportunities and more varied than usual.
Displacement of Residence
In addition to causing a shift in search points in the community, the construction of Kijing
Port also led to the displacement of residents' residences. Almost all people who experience
eviction have to give up their homes and move to a new place. Although this transfer is one of the
decisions that have been made based on the agreement between the community and the
government, it still causes conflict between the community and the government.
The move of people from the original house to a new place certainly affects other aspects of
life, as discussed in the previous section if this development also produces changes in the
profession. People who move also experience this, considering that some people who live at home
have a home business.
Based on secondary data obtained by the author, namely the normative list of verification
and improvement of phase II of land procurement in land acquisition in 2018, showing that there
are 235 residential houses in Sungai Kunyit Laut village and Bundung Laut village that are released
land with mutual agreement.
According to the results of the author's interview with the Sungai Kunyit’s Head, he said that
the people who moved residences were one of the obligations that must be done based on mutual
agreement. In this case, the community negotiates and the government calculates or provides
compensation money to people whose homes are affected by land acquisition.
This means that the transfer of residence does not just happen spontaneously, but there are
stages that are passed in eviction so that people can also get their rights. Although before the
eviction took place caused pros and cons in the community, where there were people who agreed
but there were people who did not want to move from the original residence.
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588 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
The transfer of residence obviously has another influence, namely, they have to lose their
livelihood for those who make the original residence as a place to make a living because access as
one of the supporting their economic activities, they must be able to adapt again to the new
environment, there are new cultures and societies that they encounter when living in a new place,
and Access to new residences affects their mobility in carrying out other social activities.
Based on the results of an interview with one of the informants, Mr. Mansyur, he explained
that as a result of the eviction he had to move and lost his job because his main job as a woodworker
with access to his old residence was appropriate, sales were quite high because of the access to sell
which was very easy to reach.
In addition to the loss of primary jobs supported by access to housing, the displacement of
residences has also undergone cultural and social changes accepted by some of them. By moving
their residents must be able to intermingle socially and culturally in the new environment in order
to survive and function socially in society. The need for adaptation by society is not an easy thing,
considering that society has an innate culture and society from the previous residence.
Meanwhile, another thing said by Sumiati's mother with moving residence was she felt
difficulty in terms of access to her daily activities. This is because the compensation money is not
so large that the money must be managed properly and find a location or land that matches the
money it receives.
Based on the results of interviews with several informants, the author concluded that the
construction of Kijing Port caused people in two villages that became development sites to
experience displacement of residences. By moving places, they must also be ready to lose their
main jobs and must be able to adapt to new cultures and society.
The ability of society to adapt to its environment needs to be done so that the community is
able to function socially and certainly accepted among the new society so that there is integration
in society and closes the opportunity for social conflicts in society caused by the inability to adapt.
Jobs Directly Related to Port Development
In the process of building Kijing Port, the change of employment opportunities becomes a
thing that has the potential to arise. The development created indirectly provide employment
opportunities for those affected. The surrounding community clearly gets job opportunities from
the development, from here it gives rise to variants of the type of work according to individual
abilities. The community began to know the division of labor over its village, indirectly with the
development to make the community open to the field of work.
For example, in the construction of Kijing Port, before the development of the surrounding
community has a field of work can be said to be narrow. Some people become fishermen, farmers,
traders, and civil servants. However, with the construction of Kijing Port, those of productive age
can apply for work in Kijing Port even not infrequently from those who are displaced and used to
be fishermen become labor workers in the Port.
This is something new in the local community, some informants admit that the impact felt
by the construction of Kijing Port is the emergence of job opportunities in the company or in the
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
589 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
port. Not only those who are parents, teenagers or those who have graduated from college also feel
if they have job opportunities and there are types of work in new fields. In addition, other things
were also explained by other informants about how the development had an economic impact on
him and his family.
The same thing was also said by the Sungai Kunyit Police Chief who saw that the
construction of Kijing Port had the opportunity to build the economic sector of the community
around the Sungai Kunyit. According to him, some people who have the ability or skills can work
in port projects, some of them are workers, some are working in their offices, some are working
as field supervisors besides those around can also sell food or eat drinks and those who have houses
with large sizes open boarding houses for workers outside West Kalimantan.
When viewed in the economic sector, the development of Kijing Port clearly has an impact
on the community. Despite the pros and cons that occurred before, the community indirectly
enjoyed the construction of Kijing Port and even utilized the existence of the Port project as a
business opportunity. Although not all take advantage of this but based on interviews and
observations of the author, there are changes that occur in the Sungai Kunyit community.
The existence of this development indirectly opens up community employment opportunities
that are directly related to the Port project. For example, Mr. Suhaini according to his narration,
he lost his job when the port was about to be built because he was a fisherman but currently he and
some of his friends work as laborers on the Kijing Port project. In addition, based on the
information the author received from Mr. Suhaini, there are several village teenagers who also
work there not only as laborers but also some who work administrative personnel or in other fields
of work.
Directly the community energy around the Sungai Kunyit with this development is absorbed,
although not all people who work on the project. Another thing that the author sees based on
interviews and observations, with the construction of this Port, makes the view of the community
with the world of education is also different. Some of the informants felt the need to send their
children to a higher level, namely the University level so that their children could work in Kijing
Port and not be limited to being construction workers in the project.
Social Conflict
The construction of Kijing Port raises the risk of social conflict between citizens. This if not
overcome will be one of the obstacles in the construction of the Port and make the community not
well integrated. Social conflicts that occur are caused by several contributing factors, including the
first, the community feels that the payment is not the same as neighbors or other residents, so it
indirectly causes social jealousy between citizens.
Second, there are people who still do not want to move or do not want to be evicted for
reasons that cause other communities to feel upset, and thirdly, conflicts occur due to information
received by the community is not the same the community feels excluded from other communities.
So that with the cause of this conflict, the government and related parties must be able to provide
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
590 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
an appropriate and thorough understanding and explanation, lest there are people who feel
inappropriate or feel alienated in the information.
Conflicts that often occur in the community are when the initial process of building Kijing
Port wants to be built, at that time the community still receives uncertainty of information and
there are still many who do not understand related to the eviction process so at the beginning of
the port development process there are still many pros and cons that must be resolved by the
government and other parties by cooperating with village officials.
In addition, conflicts also occur caused by people who have land with no land and between
people who have large land with those who are not large. This causes social jealousy that leads to
social conflicts, in which case the government makes payments according to the area of land owned
by residents and what plants in the house are paid or compensated.
For example, in this case, Mr. Yanen is one of the residents of Sungai Bundung Laut Village,
the buildings that will be paid compensation are residential buildings and chicken coops in addition
to the plants in his house, namely coconut, jackfruit, sawo, sahang, oranges, bananas, ciremai,
salak, soursop, guava water, betel nut, sugarcane, leatherback, and guava bol. The plants owned
by Mr. Yanen will all be given compensation money by related parties. While those who do not
have plants or a little and only have a residential house then paid only for the house. If accumulated
then there will be differences received by citizens in the compensation process.
Based on the narration of the head of Sungai Turmeric Laut Village, if the pros and cons
occur at the beginning of the process it often occurs due to community misunderstandings.
However, the thing that is done so that the conflict does not become large, then there are
discussions or meetings conducted by the local government, Pelindo, PT WIKA, the police, Camat,
Danramil, BPN, and communities whose homes or land are targeted by port development.
The meeting conducted by the government and other officials with the community was held
approximately three times. The meeting was held in Subdistrict and at the Regency level involving
stakeholders, in the meeting an explanation of the process and stages of development and
explanation of the eviction mechanism as well as compensation payments.
The meeting was also attended by the community, the community in this case is something
important because if it is not involved in the meeting and the process of equalizing precession then
the conflict will continue and development will not run. According to a narration from one of the
informants, if he was invited by the sub-district to attend meetings with various parties related to
the construction of Kijing Port, the meeting was initially socialized related to the construction of
the Port which then discussed the payment of compensation.
Several times there were demos conducted by the community related to the mismatch of
prices given. According to some informants, the conflict occurred due to a mismatch between the
price applied and far in the market. However, in this case, the community must be able to accept
because according to the government the payment has been made on the basis of conformity and
price in the market.
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
591 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
Income
Furthermore, with the construction of Kijing Port, the impact felt by the community is a
change in community income. The level of income of the community is the most influential thing
in the construction of this Kijing Port. The influence of the level of community income is not only
caused by a single factor but also caused by the influence of other impacts.
Like the eviction carried out, so that directly some people experience changes in income.
Those who make Kijing beach the center of the search today can no longer operate to find fish or
sell, so the income results have decreased. Based on the results of an interview with one of the
Kijing beach traders he said that the income he could get when he became a seller around the beach
was Rp 150,000 per day or the smallest amount of Rp 100,000 but with this development, he could
no longer work as a trader around Kijing beach. . He turned into a laborer whose income is not
certain, a day at most Rp 80,000, of course, this is much different from the previous situation when
he was a seller on Kijing beach.
However, there are differences in other groups who feel helped by the development that
affects their income. Based on the results of an interview with one of the informants said that if he
was initially unemployed in the productive use, with the construction of the Port, his employment
opportunities were wide and he currently works as a staff in the Kijing Port development project.
So indirectly there is a level of income generated by his or her initially unemployed workers.
CONCLUSION
1) There was a change in the livelihood of the community in the village of Sungai Turmeric
sea and Sungai Bundung Laut Village. Some people who make Kijing beach a place of
livelihood such as fishermen and sellers of beverage food, are currently no longer able to
make a living around Kijing beach;
2) Moving residences, people whose homes are displaced directly must move from their place
of origin to a new place of residence. With the transfer of housing, people must be able to
adapt to new cultures and society in order to survive and be accepted by the surrounding
community;
3) The existence of jobs that can be obtained by the surrounding community related to new
employment variants, so that it indirectly affects the unemployment rate and affects
people's income;
4) Social conflict. The construction of the port also has the opportunity for social conflict in
the surrounding community. One of the causes is due to the payment of prices that are
considered inappropriate;
5) Income, the construction of Kijing port makes people's incomes a little more increased.
However, there are also people who experience a decrease in income due to the
construction of Kijing port.
Social Effects of Kijing International Harbor’s Building on Locals’ Life in Sungai Kunyit Village
592 Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(6), March 2022
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