THE PHENOMENON OF CHILD PROBLEMS IN POSO REGENCY

A child is a god's word given to both parents. The child is born in a holy and clean state, the child is born helpless and has not been able to do anything, so it still depends on others who are more mature. The birth of a child in this world is a direct result of the civilization of his parents, this shows that both parents must bear all the risks arising from his actions that are responsible for the maintenance of his child as a mandate of God. Caring for children is a heavy responsibility because we will create a generation that will continue our ideals, as parents that have not been achieved. The purpose of this panel is to understand the Phenomenon of Child Problems in Poso Regency. Metodology of this research qualitatively by prioritizing secondary data for data analysis materials. The results showed that the problem of children in Poso there are four aspects, namely: The results showed that the problem of children in Poso there are four aspects, namely: Civil Rights and Children's Freedom, education, school Participation Figures, Pure Participation figures, rough Participation figures, Family Environment Birth Certificate and Alternative Parenting Early Marriage Primary Health and Welfare Infant Mortality Life Expectancy.


INTRODUCTION
The Convention on the Rights of the child is the first international treaty that is part of international law in the field of human rights whose instrument aims to guarantee and protect the rights of children in the world and is legally binding. the convention on the rights of the child was the result of the united nations general assembly which was stated in its resolution 44/25 dated November 20, 1989. the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child is morally and juridically binding for states that sign and ratify it. Indonesia signed the convention on the rights of the child on January 26, 1990, and ratified it by presidential decree no. 36 of 1990 concerning the ratification of the convention on the rights of the child on august 25,1990. by ratifying the convention on the rights of the child, Indonesia declares a commitment to ensure every child is given a better future.
Ironically, the above legal instruments are only considered "meaningless slogans" against the protection of children from various kinds of violence. Child abuse increases even worse and is inhumane. often children are helpless because they are considered to belong to parents so they must obey and can be treated at the will of their parents. This condition justifies acts of violence against children. here, children are in a weaker and lower position so that the discrediting and distorting structurally occurs, both consciously and unconsciously. The logical implication is that there are disproportionate (Asymmetric) social relations, both in the family and community environments.
During 2006 there were 736 cases of child abuse, which was divided into 327 cases of physical abuse, 176 cases of psychic violence, 130 cases of child neglect, and 3800 children trafficked abroad. International labor organizations estimate that in Indonesia there are 4,201,452 children (under the age of 18 years) involved in dangerous work and of the 6.2 million domestic workers in Indonesia is 34.83% classified as children (Masti, 2016).
Although 60% of children aged 0-6 years living in the countryside, it turns out that infrastructure and facilities of early childhood education are generally in urban areas (Susenas 2017) is still low in early childhood who get education and care due to the limited number of early childhood education service institutions, the level of awareness of parents and the public about the importance of early childhood education is still very low, The economic capabilities of families are weak, there is no integrated service program that includes education, health, care and nutrition services, limited government support for the distribution of early childhood education services and the lack of intensive cooperation between the government, the business world, and community institutions in organizing early childhood education (PNBAI, 2019).
Other information that is quite astonishing is seen in the data regarding health. In Indonesia, children affected by HIV / AIDS in the group of 0 -4 years as many as 12 cases (1.18%), age group 5 -14 years as many as 4 cases (0.4%), and age group 15 -19 years as many as 67 cases (6.59%). That's much smaller than the real situation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillants system at every level of administration (PNBAI, 2019). The phenomenon of child problems in Indonesia is closely correlated with the problems of children in the region. As in central Sulawesi province, especially in Poso Regency, child problems are things that need to get comprehensive and continuous handling, considering that children's problems are very complex. The number of children in Central Sulawesi province who have been fostered in orphanages is 2,827 people, children suffering from disabilities are in rehabilitation homes 160 people and abandoned children 2,803 people, who have only received the construction of 106 people. In the field of education, it was found that the problem of dropping out of school children aged 7-12 years 2.30%, the dropout rate of children 13-15 years 22.06% of the number of school-age children and victims of violence in children amounted to 168 cases, (PPKW, 2019).

Children's Issues
The child is a gift from the almighty God. his existence is a gift that must be maintained, cared for, and protected. Every child naturally has dignity, dignity, and rights as a human being that must be upheld by anyone. Children are an integral part of the survival of the nation and state. Regarding the position of children who have a strategic position and role, the state also guarantees in the constitution the right of every child to survival, growth, development, and protection from violence and discrimination. Therefore, a joint effort is needed in paying attention to the interests of the child, so as not to fall into committing evil deeds that harm others.
The child is not to be in law, but to be nurtured and guided and protected to be able to become a complete, intelligent and responsible human being as the next generation of the nation in the future. Children sometimes find difficult situations or circumstances that encourage children to commit acts that violate legal values, religion, decency, and decency. Many factors affect it such as the condition of the child himself, his family, victims, or society. Children who break the law do not deserve to be punished and then put in prison. It needs strong consideration when putting children in prison because it will have a bad impact on the child's mental state and personality.
Children are realized by the enactment of law no.11 of 2012 concerning the juvenile criminal justice system. This law is a change from law no.3 of 1997 on child courts, because the law is long considered no longer relevant to the development and legal needs of society both from juridical, sociological and philosophical aspects. This law also does not comprehensively provide protection to children. But referring to article 108 of law no.11 of 2012 mentioned that this law applies after 2 (two) years from the date of promulging (August 2012). so that the juridical consequences, still enact the old law as the basis of child court law, namely law no.3 of 1997. This step shows that the government and the public recognize the need for special treatment of children to get legal protection.

METHOD
This research design belongs to the type of "qualitative research method", with the consideration that research moves away from unexpected phenomena and influences, i.e. every new information, event, behavior, atmosphere, and influence is considered important to conduct a study. This research is more focused on the problem of children in Poso district. This research will be conducted in the Poso Regency. The location was chosen by 3 sub-districts, namely Poso Kota subdistrict and coastal Poso subdistrict, and Pamona subdistrict.
Location determination method by purposive with the consideration that the location was chosen representative according to the research objectives of the analyst unit in this study is children and families who have children in the research location. For informants selected in snowball plus informants from among the P3A elements of Poso regency. data collection techniques with observation, interview, documentation, data analysis, data and information that has been collected through the method of data collection by observation, individual interviews and, will be analyzed with qualitative methods and interview results analyzed using qualitative analysis.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The population of Poso regency in 2019 amounted to 240,812 people, the population of men reached 124,588 people, while the female population was 116,224 people. When compared in 2018 the number of residents of Poso regency increased by 2.23 percent or as many as 5,046 people. The rapid increase in population shows the increasing economic growth of Poso Regency. Along with the increase in population, the level of population density also increases. The population density is recorded at 26 people / km², with an area of 8,712.25 km². Poso Kota district is an area that has the most populous population of 1,705 people / km2 with an area of 12.8 km2, while the central lore sub-district has a population of about 4 people / km2 with an area of 976.37 km².
The population of Poso regency in 2019 amounted to 240,812 people, the population of men reached 124,588 people, while the female population was 116,224 people. When compared in 2018 the number of residents of Poso regency increased by 2.23 percent or as many as 5,046 people. The rapid increase in population shows the increasing economic growth of Poso districts. Along with the increase in population, the level of population density also increases.
The population density is recorded at 26 people / km², with an area of 8,712.25 km². Poso Kota district is an area that has the most populous population of 1,705 people / km2 with an area of 12.8 km2, while the central lore sub-district has a population of about 4 people / km2 with an area of 976.37 km 2 .

Poso Regency Child Problem Phenomenon
Children need to be protective of the negative impact of rapid development, the current globalization in the field of communication and information, advances in science and technology, and changes in the lifestyle and way of life of some parents that have brought fundamental social changes in people's lives that greatly affect the values and behavior of children. Deviations of behavior or unlawful acts committed by children, among others, are caused by factors outside the child, for that an official container is needed to protect the child in order to become a child of hope of the Nation, but it cannot be denied now that children face various problems such as those studied in this study.

Civil Rights and Children's Freedom Poso Regency
The basic needs that must be prepared by the government for children look still quite large, for example in the field of health and education. Government efforts to improve children's health through immunization, vitamin administration, and supplemental foods play an important role in reducing infant mortality and improving the quality of their health. In general, almost all regions in Poso are interesting to listen to about how the real conditions of children's lives. Starting from coastal areas, cities to mountains have their phenomena about the image of children. As a result of the conflict, Poso is a region that holds so many stories about children's lives both happy and sad.

Education
The Education for All (EFA) Development Index in Indonesia decreases every year. In 2019 Indonesia was ranked 69 out of 127 countries and slumped compared to 2018 which was in the position of 65. The index issued in 2019 by UNESCO is lower than Brunei Darussalam (34), and four ranks adrift of Malaysia (65). One of the causes of the low education development index in Indonesia is that the quality of teachers and teacher competence in Indonesia is still not in line with expected. In terms of educational qualifications, to date of the 2.92 million new teachers about 51% are educated S-1 or more while the rest have not been educated S-1. Likewise from the certification requirements, only 2.06 million teachers or about 70.5% of teachers are qualified for certification while another 861,670 teachers have not qualified for certification.
In terms of its spread, the distribution of teachers is uneven. Teacher shortages for schools in cities, villages, and remote areas were 21%, 37%, and 66% respectively. While overall Indonesia lacks teachers as much as 34%, while in many areas there is an excess of teachers. Not to mention in 2015-2019 there are about 300,000 teachers at all levels of education who will retire so that a replacement must be immediately sought to ensure the smooth learning process.
The education curriculum in Indonesia is also a problem that must be improved. Because the curriculum in Indonesia almost every year undergoes an overhaul and there are no curriculum standards used. In 2021, the Ministry of Education and Culture will make changes to the national education curriculum to balance academic aspects and character. It's like education, but it's not clear yet.

School Participation Figures
Poso Regency school participation figures have been included quite well with the achievement of school participation figures aged 7-12 years by 100 with a ratio of men of 100.00 and Children 100. This shows that of the 100 children aged 7-12 years in Poso Regency about 100 attend school in both elementary / MI and SLTP education levels, as well as children have the same access and control as men because children's achievements are the same as the achievements of men.
For school participation figures 13-15 years it is seen that Poso Regency has reached 96.98 in 2019 which means that from 100 residents aged 13-15 years in Poso Regency about 96 people still attend all levels of education either SD / MI, SLTP or SLTA. School participation figures of 13-15 years when compared by gender then there is a difference but the difference is not large between men and boys, which is less lower than children with a ratio of 93 years for men and 97.55 years for women, respectively.
School Pure participation figures for senior high school in Poso Regency in 2019 showed a score of 63.56 which shows more than half of the population aged 16-18 years in Poso Regency who are still attending school at the senior high school level. The comparison between men and women showed that male pure participation figures was lower than pure participation figures of Children with a ratio of 70.89 for men and 56.74 for women, respectively. Pure participation figures for senior high school in Poso Regency in 2019 showed a score of 63.56 which shows more than half of the population aged 16-18 years in Poso Regency who are still attending school at the senior high school level. Comparison between men and women shows that male pure participation figures is lower than senior high school Children with a ratio of 70.89 for men and 56.74 for women, respectively, if Poso Regency data compared to Sulteng data can be concluded Poso Regency reaches pure participation figures number higher than the achievement of Central Sulawesi Province.

Rough Participation Figures
Rough

Birth Certificate
Birth certificates form an identity for any child who is an integral part of a citizen's civil and political rights. The right to identity is a form of state recognition of a person's existence before the law. Today, many children do not have birth certificates as a result of which many children also lose their right to education or social security. The right of identity for a child is expressly stated in article 5 Law No. 23 of 2002 which states that "every child is entitled to a name as a self-identity and citizenship status".
Based on data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency six reasons make the population in Indonesia aged 0-18 years do not have a birth certificate, namely 1) Do not know the birth must be recorded and do not know how to take care of it; 2) Do not feel the need, lazy / do not want to bother; 3) Have no cost to take care of; 4) Place of remote deed management; 5) The deed has not yet been issued; 6) Some other reasons. Of the six reasons, complaints about the cost of taking care of a deed became the main cause of not having a birth certificate, as much as 33.87%. Complaints have no cost, the most appeared in Central Sulawesi Province, reaching 51.67%. For Poso Regency children who have cards amounted to 73643 people.

CONCLUSION
The results showed that the problem of children in Poso there are four aspects, namely: Civil Rights and Children's Freedom, education, school Participation Figures