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THE PHENOMENON OF CHILD PROBLEMS IN POSO REGENCY
Nuraisyah
*
, Cristian Tinjabate, Nastainuddin Bolong
University of Tadulako Palu
*
nuraisyaambo@gmail.com
Abstract
A child is a god's word given to both parents. The child is born in a holy and clean state, the child is born
helpless and has not been able to do anything, so it still depends on others who are more mature. The
birth of a child in this world is a direct result of the civilization of his parents, this shows that both
parents must bear all the risks arising from his actions that are responsible for the maintenance of his
child as a mandate of God. Caring for children is a heavy responsibility because we will create a
generation that will continue our ideals, as parents that have not been achieved. The purpose of this panel
is to understand the Phenomenon of Child Problems in Poso Regency. Metodology of this research
qualitatively by prioritizing secondary data for data analysis materials. The results showed that the
problem of children in Poso there are four aspects, namely: The results showed that the problem of
children in Poso there are four aspects, namely: Civil Rights and Children's Freedom, education, school
Participation Figures, Pure Participation figures, rough Participation figures, Family Environment Birth
Certificate and Alternative Parenting Early Marriage Primary Health and Welfare Infant Mortality Life
Expectancy.
Keywords: Children’s Problems, Phenomenon, Child Problem
This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution No Derivatives 4.0 International License
INTRODUCTION
The Convention on the Rights of the child is the first international treaty that is part of
international law in the field of human rights whose instrument aims to guarantee and protect
the rights of children in the world and is legally binding. the convention on the rights of the
child was the result of the united nations general assembly which was stated in its resolution
44/25 dated November 20, 1989. the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child
is morally and juridically binding for states that sign and ratify it. Indonesia signed the
convention on the rights of the child on January 26, 1990, and ratified it by presidential decree
no. 36 of 1990 concerning the ratification of the convention on the rights of the child on august
25, 1990. by ratifying the convention on the rights of the child, Indonesia declares a
commitment to ensure every child is given a better future.
Ironically, the above legal instruments are only considered "meaningless slogans" against
the protection of children from various kinds of violence. Child abuse increases even worse and
is inhumane. often children are helpless because they are considered to belong to parents so
they must obey and can be treated at the will of their parents. This condition justifies acts of
violence against children. here, children are in a weaker and lower position so that the
discrediting and distorting structurally occurs, both consciously and unconsciously. The logical
implication is that there are disproportionate (Asymmetric) social relations, both in the family
and community environments.
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114 Vol. 1, No. 2, November 2021
During 2006 there were 736 cases of child abuse, which was divided into 327 cases of
physical abuse, 176 cases of psychic violence, 130 cases of child neglect, and 3800 children
trafficked abroad. International labor organizations estimate that in Indonesia there are
4,201,452 children (under the age of 18 years) involved in dangerous work and of the 6.2
million domestic workers in Indonesia is 34.83% classified as children (Masti, 2016).
Although 60% of children aged 0-6 years living in the countryside, it turns out that
infrastructure and facilities of early childhood education are generally in urban areas (Susenas
2017) is still low in early childhood who get education and care due to the limited number of
early childhood education service institutions, the level of awareness of parents and the public
about the importance of early childhood education is still very low, The economic capabilities
of families are weak, there is no integrated service program that includes education, health, care
and nutrition services, limited government support for the distribution of early childhood
education services and the lack of intensive cooperation between the government, the business
world, and community institutions in organizing early childhood education (PNBAI, 2019).
Other information that is quite astonishing is seen in the data regarding health. In Indonesia,
children affected by HIV / AIDS in the group of 0 - 4 years as many as 12 cases (1.18%), age
group 5 - 14 years as many as 4 cases (0.4%), and age group 15 - 19 years as many as 67 cases
(6.59%). That's much smaller than the real situation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the
surveillants system at every level of administration (PNBAI, 2019). The phenomenon of child
problems in Indonesia is closely correlated with the problems of children in the region. As in
central Sulawesi province, especially in Poso Regency, child problems are things that need to
get comprehensive and continuous handling, considering that children's problems are very
complex. The number of children in Central Sulawesi province who have been fostered in
orphanages is 2,827 people, children suffering from disabilities are in rehabilitation homes 160
people and abandoned children 2,803 people, who have only received the construction of 106
people. In the field of education, it was found that the problem of dropping out of school
children aged 7-12 years 2.30%, the dropout rate of children 13-15 years 22.06% of the number
of school-age children and victims of violence in children amounted to 168 cases, (PPKW,
2019).
Children's Issues
The child is a gift from the almighty God. his existence is a gift that must be maintained,
cared for, and protected. Every child naturally has dignity, dignity, and rights as a human being
that must be upheld by anyone. Children are an integral part of the survival of the nation and
state. Regarding the position of children who have a strategic position and role, the state also
guarantees in the constitution the right of every child to survival, growth, development, and
protection from violence and discrimination. Therefore, a joint effort is needed in paying
attention to the interests of the child, so as not to fall into committing evil deeds that harm
others.
The child is not to be in law, but to be nurtured and guided and protected to be able to
become a complete, intelligent and responsible human being as the next generation of the nation
in the future. Children sometimes find difficult situations or circumstances that encourage
children to commit acts that violate legal values, religion, decency, and decency. Many factors
affect it such as the condition of the child himself, his family, victims, or society. Children who
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115 Vol. 1, No. 2, November 2021
break the law do not deserve to be punished and then put in prison. It needs strong consideration
when putting children in prison because it will have a bad impact on the child's mental state and
personality.
Children are realized by the enactment of law no.11 of 2012 concerning the juvenile
criminal justice system. This law is a change from law no.3 of 1997 on child courts, because
the law is long considered no longer relevant to the development and legal needs of society both
from juridical, sociological and philosophical aspects. This law also does not comprehensively
provide protection to children. But referring to article 108 of law no.11 of 2012 mentioned that
this law applies after 2 (two) years from the date of promulging (August 2012). so that the
juridical consequences, still enact the old law as the basis of child court law, namely law no.3
of 1997. This step shows that the government and the public recognize the need for special
treatment of children to get legal protection.
METHOD
This research design belongs to the type of "qualitative research method", with the
consideration that research moves away from unexpected phenomena and influences, i.e. every
new information, event, behavior, atmosphere, and influence is considered important to conduct
a study. This research is more focused on the problem of children in Poso district. This research
will be conducted in the Poso Regency. The location was chosen by 3 sub-districts, namely
Poso Kota subdistrict and coastal Poso subdistrict, and Pamona subdistrict.
Location determination method by purposive with the consideration that the location was
chosen representative according to the research objectives of the analyst unit in this study is
children and families who have children in the research location. For informants selected in
snowball plus informants from among the P3A elements of Poso regency. data collection
techniques with observation, interview, documentation, data analysis, data and information that
has been collected through the method of data collection by observation, individual interviews
and, will be analyzed with qualitative methods and interview results analyzed using qualitative
analysis.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The population of Poso regency in 2019 amounted to 240,812 people, the population of
men reached 124,588 people, while the female population was 116,224 people. When compared
in 2018 the number of residents of Poso regency increased by 2.23 percent or as many as 5,046
people. The rapid increase in population shows the increasing economic growth of Poso
Regency. Along with the increase in population, the level of population density also increases.
The population density is recorded at 26 people / km², with an area of 8,712.25 km². Poso Kota
district is an area that has the most populous population of 1,705 people / km2 with an area of
12.8 km2, while the central lore sub-district has a population of about 4 people / km2 with an
area of 976.37 km².
The population of Poso regency in 2019 amounted to 240,812 people, the population of
men reached 124,588 people, while the female population was 116,224 people. When compared
in 2018 the number of residents of Poso regency increased by 2.23 percent or as many as 5,046
people. The rapid increase in population shows the increasing economic growth of Poso
districts. Along with the increase in population, the level of population density also increases.
The Phenomenon of Child Problems in Poso Regency
116 Vol. 1, No. 2, November 2021
The population density is recorded at 26 people / km², with an area of 8,712.25 km². Poso Kota
district is an area that has the most populous population of 1,705 people / km2 with an area of
12.8 km2, while the central lore sub-district has a population of about 4 people / km2 with an
area of 976.37 km
2
.
Poso Regency Child Problem Phenomenon
Children need to be protective of the negative impact of rapid development, the current
globalization in the field of communication and information, advances in science and
technology, and changes in the lifestyle and way of life of some parents that have brought
fundamental social changes in people's lives that greatly affect the values and behavior of
children. Deviations of behavior or unlawful acts committed by children, among others, are
caused by factors outside the child, for that an official container is needed to protect the child
in order to become a child of hope of the Nation, but it cannot be denied now that children face
various problems such as those studied in this study.
Civil Rights and Children's Freedom Poso Regency
The basic needs that must be prepared by the government for children look still quite large,
for example in the field of health and education. Government efforts to improve children's
health through immunization, vitamin administration, and supplemental foods play an
important role in reducing infant mortality and improving the quality of their health. In general,
almost all regions in Poso are interesting to listen to about how the real conditions of children's
lives. Starting from coastal areas, cities to mountains have their phenomena about the image of
children. As a result of the conflict, Poso is a region that holds so many stories about children's
lives both happy and sad.
Education
The Education for All (EFA) Development Index in Indonesia decreases every year. In
2019 Indonesia was ranked 69 out of 127 countries and slumped compared to 2018 which was
in the position of 65. The index issued in 2019 by UNESCO is lower than Brunei Darussalam
(34), and four ranks adrift of Malaysia (65). One of the causes of the low education development
index in Indonesia is that the quality of teachers and teacher competence in Indonesia is still
not in line with expected. In terms of educational qualifications, to date of the 2.92 million new
teachers about 51% are educated S-1 or more while the rest have not been educated S-1.
Likewise from the certification requirements, only 2.06 million teachers or about 70.5% of
teachers are qualified for certification while another 861,670 teachers have not qualified for
certification.
In terms of its spread, the distribution of teachers is uneven. Teacher shortages for schools
in cities, villages, and remote areas were 21%, 37%, and 66% respectively. While overall
Indonesia lacks teachers as much as 34%, while in many areas there is an excess of teachers.
Not to mention in 2015-2019 there are about 300,000 teachers at all levels of education who
will retire so that a replacement must be immediately sought to ensure the smooth learning
process.
The education curriculum in Indonesia is also a problem that must be improved. Because
the curriculum in Indonesia almost every year undergoes an overhaul and there are no
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117 Vol. 1, No. 2, November 2021
curriculum standards used. In 2021, the Ministry of Education and Culture will make changes
to the national education curriculum to balance academic aspects and character. It's like
education, but it's not clear yet.
School Participation Figures
Poso Regency school participation figures have been included quite well with the
achievement of school participation figures aged 7-12 years by 100 with a ratio of men of
100.00 and Children 100. This shows that of the 100 children aged 7-12 years in Poso Regency
about 100 attend school in both elementary / MI and SLTP education levels, as well as children
have the same access and control as men because children's achievements are the same as the
achievements of men.
For school participation figures 13-15 years it is seen that Poso Regency has reached 96.98
in 2019 which means that from 100 residents aged 13-15 years in Poso Regency about 96 people
still attend all levels of education either SD / MI, SLTP or SLTA. School participation figures
of 13- 15 years when compared by gender then there is a difference but the difference is not
large between men and boys, which is less lower than children with a ratio of 93 years for men
and 97.55 years for women, respectively.
School participation figures 16-18 years old in Poso Regency 90.05 with a ratio of men
77.28, children 72.67 people. (Out of 100 people aged 16-18 years there are about 90 people
who still attend school at all levels of education at the level of SLTA). The comparison for
school participation figures 16 – 18 years between men and children is the same as school
participation figures 7 - 12 years and APS 13 - 15 years that is that men are higher than Children
with a ratio of 77.28 for men and 72.67 for women, respectively. School participation figures
data 19 - 24 years Poso Regency for the level of PT 22.02, male comparison 27.58, children
22.02. Thus, of the 100 Poso Regency leaders aged 19-24 years only 22 people entered the
college. (Dinas Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Kabupaten poso, 2019).
Pure Participation Figures
Pure participation figures describes the population who attend school according to their age
group. Pure participation figures elementary school in Poso district 2019 reached 93.60
meaning that every 100 people aged 7-12 years in Poso regency there are about 94 people who
attend elementary school education level (SD / MI). This figure when viewed by gender is seen
that men are relatively higher than Children with a ratio of 93.46 for men and 93.79 for women.
At the level of junior high school education, pure participation figures in Poso Regency in 2019
reached a figure of 77.43 with male , pure participation figures lower than , pure participation
figures Children of 78.87 for men and 76.00 for women, respectively. This shows that for the
level of junior high school education seated men aged 13- 15 years more who attend school in
junior high school compared to the population of children aged 13 - 15 years. (Dinas Pendidikan
dan Pengajaran Poso Regency, 2019).
Pure participation figures for senior high school in Poso Regency in 2019 showed a score
of 63.56 which shows more than half of the population aged 16-18 years in Poso Regency who
are still attending school at the senior high school level. The comparison between men and
women showed that male pure participation figures was lower than pure participation figures
of Children with a ratio of 70.89 for men and 56.74 for women, respectively.
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118 Vol. 1, No. 2, November 2021
Pure participation figures for senior high school in Poso Regency in 2019 showed a score
of 63.56 which shows more than half of the population aged 16-18 years in Poso Regency who
are still attending school at the senior high school level. Comparison between men and women
shows that male pure participation figures is lower than senior high school Children with a ratio
of 70.89 for men and 56.74 for women, respectively, if Poso Regency data compared to Sulteng
data can be concluded Poso Regency reaches pure participation figures number higher than the
achievement of Central Sulawesi Province.
Rough Participation Figures
Rough Participation Figures of elementary school education level in Poso Regency in 2017
amounted to 105.49 with male elementary school APK of 105.31 or lower than rough
participation figures of elementary school of 105.74, for junior high school APK of 94.29
consisting of male junior high school APK of 98.11 or more than children's high school Rough
Participation Figures of 90.48. While for high school APK in Poso Regency reached a figure of
97.07 with school Rough Participation Figures The upper middle class of men is also lower
than The Child which is 109.66 for boys and 85.36 for girls, the same pattern occurs for rough
participation figures are lower than female Rough Participation Figures.
Birth Certificate
Birth certificates form an identity for any child who is an integral part of a citizen's civil
and political rights. The right to identity is a form of state recognition of a person's existence
before the law. Today, many children do not have birth certificates as a result of which many
children also lose their right to education or social security. The right of identity for a child is
expressly stated in article 5 Law No. 23 of 2002 which states that "every child is entitled to a
name as a self-identity and citizenship status".
Based on data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency six reasons make the population
in Indonesia aged 0-18 years do not have a birth certificate, namely 1) Do not know the birth
must be recorded and do not know how to take care of it; 2) Do not feel the need, lazy / do not
want to bother; 3) Have no cost to take care of; 4) Place of remote deed management; 5) The
deed has not yet been issued; 6) Some other reasons. Of the six reasons, complaints about the
cost of taking care of a deed became the main cause of not having a birth certificate, as much
as 33.87%. Complaints have no cost, the most appeared in Central Sulawesi Province, reaching
51.67%. For Poso Regency children who have cards amounted to 73643 people.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that the problem of children in Poso there are four aspects, namely:
Civil Rights and Children's Freedom, education, school Participation Figures, Pure
Participation figures, rough Participation figures, Family Environment Birth Certificate and
Alternative Parenting Early Marriage Primary Health and Welfare Infant Mortality Life
Expectancy.
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