P-ISSN: 2808-5957
E-ISSN: 2808-6724
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1612
OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANGUANAN WATERLAND
METLAND CIBITUNG TOWARDS INVESTMENT COSTS
Patrick Sudiarto
1
, Fitri Suryani
2
, Arman Jayady
3
1
Student of Master of Civil Engineering Study Program, Persada University of Indonesia
2
Supervisors 1 Master of Civil Engineering Study Program, Persada University of Indonesia
3
Supervisors of 2 Masters in Civil Engineering Study Program, Persada University of Indonesia
Email : patricksudiarto@gmail.com, fitrisuryani@gmail.com, ajayady@yahoo.co.id
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Date received : 29 August 2022
Revision date : 17 September 2022
Date Approved : 25 September 2022
Developer policy in this case PT. Metropolitan land, Tbk
for the availability of entertainment facilities in the region
is the right choice to increase profits in addition to selling
home products. This strategy is considered appropriate
because of the lack of entertainment in the area around
housing which is seen from the rapid population from year
to year. Service providers bear a large risk burden at the
operational stage, To avoid cost overrun, in the
calculation of the operating cost budget it is necessary to
include costs due to risks. Risk costs are allocated to the
identified risks. This study aims to identify the dominant
risk factors that affect operational investment costs from
the point of view of other long-running operational
management. The research used qualitative methods
when conducting studies on previous research which then
obtained 48 risk factors that affect investment costs.
Validation of the 48 risk factors was carried out by 3
(three) experts and produced 30 risk variables which then
became questionnaires that would be distributed to
respondents. Quantitative methods are used to assess
probability and impact using a rating scale. The probability
and impact values are converted into values in the
probability-impact matrix, after the risk value is calculated
and sorted from the highest value, 4 dominant risk factors
are obtained, namely, Leaking on the walls and floor of
the pool, Damage to playgrounds, Damaged plumbing
systems, and Pumping machines are off or damaged.
Keywords: Risk Management,
Waterland Metland, Investment
Costs
This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
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Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
, Vol 1 (12), September 2022
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INTRODUCTION
Waterland Metland Cibitung water ride is a project to build a metaland cibitung
housing facility developed by PT. Metropolitan Land, Tbk in the cibitung area and as a
west cikarang area. This ride will be built on an area of 1.8 hectares. Waterland Metland
Cibitung is integrated with the commercial area of Metland Cibitung which occupies an
area of approximately 24 hectares. The location of this waterland recreational ride with
the Metland Telaga Murni KRL Commuter Line Station is only approximately 100 meters
away.
The need for entertainment venues or family recreation places in the Cibitung area
is very minimal, with the presence of this waterland ride being a good thing for the local
community, so that residents around Metland Cibitung and their own housing residents
can fill their vacation time near their homes, without having to travel far from their homes.
Therefore, the research on the construction of the Waterland Metland Cibutung
water park is the right choice for developers to invest in the Cibitung area, whose
population growth rate is very fast followed by the growth of industry, tourism,
infrastructure and housing. However, the large number of business competitors in the
tourism sector makes business people have to be sensitive to all the risks they face. The
importance of this greatly affects the smoothness and difficulty of the business can last
until the life of the business plan to operate.
Based on the background above, it appears that so many problems occur during
the operational phase which are motivated by various factors. However, until now it is
not known exactly the dominant risk and response planning that will be taken on the risks
that occur in the Operational phase of the Cibitung Waterland building. Furthermore, this
study also aims to determine the amount of presentation of reserve costs or content costs
prepared to maintain if that risk will occur during the operational life.
METHOD
Topic Determination
Determination of
Purpose & Benefits
of Writing
Supervisor's
Consent
Determination of
Risk Variables
Do not
Indentification Problems
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Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
, Vol 1 (12), September 2022
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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this study, the process of collecting primary data was carried out by means of
direct interviews to fill out questionnaires to experts and respondents. The questionnaire
for experts aims to find out the relevance of risk factors, probabilities and impacts of
risks. The criteria for the expert in question are people who have more than 10 years of
experience in the field of construction or in the field of operation of water playgrounds
such as waterlands, waterparks, waterbooms and ordinary swimming pools. The
questionnaire for respondents aims only at knowing the probability and impact of risks.
The respondents referred to in this study are people who have experience in the
operational world of water playgrounds. Respondents can act as Managers, maintanance
staff, house keeping staff and life guards.
Risk Identification
Risk identification is the first stage of risk analysis. Data collection begins with the
preparation of risk factors obtained from the results of literature studies into a
questionnaire format for subsequent surveys to experts. Risk factors consist of 48 risks
divided into six risk categories. The risk identification survey only asks about the
relevance of a risk factor to occur in water playgrounds and affect its investment. The
survey was conducted to three experts.
Determination of
Relevant Risk
Variables
Data collection
Dissemination of expert validation questionnaires to
respondents
Data Analysis
Discovery Results
Conclusion
Expert
Validation
Third stage
Using the
severity index
method
The findings were evaluated
against the assessment
Using the
Cost Method
ofcont ingensi
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Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
, Vol 1 (12), September 2022
1615
Table 1. Expert Profile
No
Expert
Ride name
Company
name
Educatio
n
Position
Experienc
e
P1
Expert 1
Gowet
waterpark
PT. Mahaka
Visual
Indonesia
S1
Chief
maintenance
17 Year
P2
Expert 2
Waterland
Transyogi
PT kembang
Griya Cahaya
S1
Operations
Coordinator
16 Years
P3
Expert 3
Waterland
Ujung
Menteng
PT.
Metropolitan
Land
S1
Operations
Manager
12 Year
The data from the expert's content is then processed and reduced using
descriptive statistics. The risk factors used for subsequent research are risk factors that
have an average value above the mean value, which is a risk factor that is declared
relevant by two or more experts. The results of risk identification by experts can be seen
in the following table:
Table 2. Risk Identification Results
No
Code
Types of Risks
Relevance
New
Code
Member 1
Member 2
Member 3
Conclusion
Already
Do
not
Already
Do
not
Already
Do
not
A
Resource Risk
1
A1
Worker disputes
√
√
√
Relevant
X1
2
A2
Guarantee of
occupational safety and
health
√
√
√
Relevant
X2
3
A3
Less effective employee
development strategies
√
√
√
Irrelevant
4
A4
Absence of Management
Innovation
√
√
√
Relevant
X3
5
A5
Employee satisfaction
(reward and punishment)
is not balanced
√
√
√
Relevant
X4
6
A6
Bad Management
Practices
√
√
√
Relevant
X5
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Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
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7
A7
Depend on key
employees
√
√
√
Irrelevant
8
A8
Miscellaneous (filled by
experts)
B
Facility Risk
9
B1
Insufficient parking space
√
√
√
Relevant
X6
10
B2
No Prayer Room provided
√
√
√
Irrelevant
11
B3
Tidak disediakan
Polyclinic
√
√
√
Irrelevant
12
B4
No space is provided for
tenants
√
√
√
Irrelevant
13
B5
No place is provided for
the canteen
√
√
√
Relevant
X7
14
B6
No Information Center
and pool supervisors are
provided
√
√
√
Irrelevant
15
B7
No lockers provided
√
√
√
Irrelevant
16
B8
No security post
√
√
√
Irrelevant
17
B9
Miscellaneous (filled by
experts)
Lack of CCTV area
monitoring
Relevant
X8
C
Promotion Risks
18
C1
Non-promotional
√
√
√
Irrelevant
19
C2
Not doing marketing
strategy
√
√
√
Relevant
X9
20
C3
Less strategic location
√
√
√
Irrelevant
21
C4
Pool design is less
attractive
√
√
√
Irrelevant
22
C5
The design of the
playground is less
attractive
√
√
√
Relevant
X10
23
C6
Expensive Ticket Selling
Price
√
√
√
Relevant
X11
24
C7
The same business
competition around
√
√
√
Relevant
X12
25
C8
Miscellaneous (filled by
experts)
Irrelevant
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C8a
lack of analysis of market
needs
Relevant
X13
C8b
Not making gimmicks and
cooperation with the
nearest school
Relevant
X14
D
Maintanance Risk
26
D1
Dirty or smelly pool
√
√
√
Irrelevant
27
D2
slippery floor
√
√
√
Relevant
X15
28
D3
mossy floor
√
√
√
Relevant
X16
29
D4
Leaks on the walls and
floor of the pool
√
√
√
Relevant
X17
30
D5
Damage to playgrounds
√
√
√
Relevant
X18
31
D6
Unkempt garden area
√
√
√
Relevant
X19
32
D7
Wastewater to the
environment
√
√
√
Irrelevant
33
D8
Plumbing System is
broken
√
√
√
Relevant
X20
34
D9
Pump Engine is dead or
damaged
√
√
√
Relevant
X21
35
D10
Tap damage to the rinse
chamber
√
√
√
Relevant
X22
36
D11
Lack of water capacity in
the rinse room
√
√
√
Relevant
X23
37
D12
The Effect of Chlorine on
the rinse chamber
√
√
√
Relevant
38
D13
Miscellaneous (filled by
experts)
D13a
Rupture of pool cramps
Relevant
X24
D13b
Not keeping the pool clean before operation
Relevant
X25
And
Risk K3
39
E1
Lack of preparedness and
preparedness of pool
supervisors
√
√
√
Relevant
X26
40
E2
K3 equipment is not
complete
√
√
√
Relevant
X27
41
E3
No medical personnel
available
√
√
√
Irrelevant
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42
E4
The effect of chlorine on
the eyes
√
√
√
Irrelevant
43
E5
Visitor capacity does not
match the capacity of the
swimming pool
√
√
√
Irrelevant
44
E6
Miscellaneous (filled by
experts)
E6a
Lack of workers for pool supervisors (lifeguards)
Relevant
X28
E6b
No cooperation with
insurance parties
regarding end-of-end
safety
Relevant
X29
F
External Risk
45
F1
Natural disasters
√
√
√
Relevant
X30
46
F2
Demonstration
√
√
√
Irrelevant
47
F3
Security intrusions
√
√
√
Irrelevant
48
F4
Miscellaneous (filled by
experts)
From the table above obtained 23 risk factors that are declared relevant by the
expert and plus 7 additional risk variables that become relevant . So a total of 30 risk
variables for further research.
Risk Evaluation
Risk evaluation aims to determine the level of risk (risk level). The data used for
risk evaluation are data on the impact and probability of the results of the expert and
respondent fields on the risk questionnaire. There were three experts and 20
respondents who were able to answer the probability and impact questionnaire.
Probability is the probability or probability of a risk factor occurring in the
operational phase of the waterland. Probability is based on data on the frequency of
events over the past ten years. Meanwhile, the impact is the result of an event. Risk
factors that may occur in the operational phase will have an impact that can affect
operational costs. Probability and impact fills use the following scale:
Opeasional Risk Measurement
According to Hanafi 2006 : 208 one of the techniques for measuring operational
risks using classification:
1) Frequency or probability of occurrence of risk
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Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
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2) The degree of seriousness of the loss or impact of the risk
Table 3. Probability and Impact Scale
No
Description
Probality Scale
in 1 Year
Impact scale
1
Very Small
very rare
Does not affect operational
scheduling
2
Small
Rare
Less affects operational
scheduling
3
Keep
Maybe it will
happen
Moderately affects operational
scheduling
4
Big
Will Happen
Affects operational scheduling
5
Very Large
Very likely to
happen
Resulting in system failures and
affecting operational scheduling
The risk evaluation method used is the Severity Index (SI) method which is
useful for making risk classification easier. Severity Index can be indicated by the
following equation (Al Hammad, 2014):
where:
SI = Severity Index
n = number of ratings
m = largest rating weight
ai = rating weight
fi = frequency of respondents
Table 4. Rating
Weights
for
Severity Index
No.
Rating
(i)
Number
Designations
Bobot
(a)
1
1
Very Small
1
2
2
Small
2
3
3
Keep
3
4
4
Big
4
5
5
Very Large
5
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After obtaining the SI results in the form of percentages, it is necessary to conduct
a descriptive assessment based on these percentages, as follows (Davis and Cosenza,
1988 in Al Hammad, 2014):
SI < 20% = Very Low (SR)
20% SI ≤ < 40% = Low (R)
40% SI ≤ < 60% = Medium (S)
60% SI ≤ < 80% = Height (T)
80% SI ≤ ≤ 100% = Very High (ST)
The results of the risk probability analysis in Table 3.5 and the impact of risk in
Table 3.6 are then entered into the matrix to determine the level of each risk. The matrix
used is the one sourced from
PMBOK Guide 5th Edition, 2013, p. 2013. 331.
The results
of the risk evaluation are contained in Table 5.
Table 5. Results of Risk Probability Analysis
Code
Risk Variables
Probalitas
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Yes
Description
X1
Occurrence of worker disputes
10
10
1
0
2
23
25%
Low
X2
Guarantee of occupational safety
and health
1
3
6
8
5
23
55%
Keep
X3
Absence of Management
Innovation
0
2
15
3
3
23
50%
Keep
X4
Employee satisfaction (reward and
punishment) is not balanced
0
3
14
4
2
23
49%
Keep
X5
Bad Management Practices
2
10
8
0
3
23
39%
Low
X6
Insufficient parking space
5
12
6
0
0
23
28%
Low
X7
No canteen space is provided
11
9
2
1
0
23
22%
Low
X8
Lack of CCTV area monitoring
1
3
8
7
4
23
53%
Keep
X9
Not doing marketing strategy
2
16
5
0
0
23
29%
Low
X10
The design of the playground is
less attractive
1
2
16
2
2
23
47%
Keep
X11
Expensive Ticket Selling Price
0
9
12
1
1
23
40%
Keep
X12
The same business competition
around
0
4
6
10
3
23
54%
Keep
X13
lack of analysis of market needs
0
2
19
2
0
23
45%
Keep
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X14
Not making gimmicks and
cooperation with the nearest
school
2
19
0
1
1
23
29%
Low
X15
slippery floor
1
10
10
2
0
23
37%
Low
X16
mossy floor
4
12
3
1
3
23
35%
Low
X17
Leaks on the walls and floor of the
pool
0
1
12
8
2
23
54%
Keep
X18
Damage to playgrounds
0
1
4
15
3
23
61%
Tall
X19
Unkempt garden area
0
6
13
1
3
23
46%
Keep
X20
Plumbing System is broken
0
4
6
9
4
23
55%
Keep
X21
Pump Engine is dead or damaged
0
3
2
13
5
23
61%
Tall
X22
Tap damage to the rinse chamber
0
1
5
13
4
23
61%
Tall
X23
Lack of water capacity in the rinse
room
1
1
17
3
1
23
47%
Keep
X24
Broken ceramic pool
0
3
2
13
5
23
61%
Tall
X25
Not keeping the pool clean before
operation
3
15
2
2
1
23
32%
Low
X26
Lack of preparedness and
preparedness of the pool
supervisor (lifeguard)
0
3
17
3
0
23
45%
Keep
X27
K3 equipment is not complete
0
10
12
0
1
23
39%
Low
X28
Lack of workers for pool
supervisors (lifeguards)
0
1
15
6
1
23
50%
Keep
X29
No cooperation with insurance
parties regarding end-of-end
safety
5
14
3
0
1
23
28%
Low
X30
Natural disasters
15
3
3
1
1
23
22%
Low
Table 6. Results of the Risk Impact Analysis
Code
Risk Variables
Impact
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Yes
Description
X1
Occurrence of worker disputes
1
6
12
2
2
23
58%
Keep
X2
Guarantee of occupational safety
and health
3
13
2
5
0
23
48%
Keep
X3
Absence of Management
Innovation
2
10
7
3
1
23
52%
Keep
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X4
Employee satisfaction (reward and
punishment) is not balanced
2
13
3
2
3
23
52%
Keep
X5
Bad Management Practices
1
0
14
3
5
23
70%
Tall
X6
Insufficient parking space
2
15
5
1
0
23
44%
Keep
X7
No canteen space is provided
2
2
13
6
0
23
60%
Tall
X8
Lack of CCTV area monitoring
4
12
2
4
1
23
48%
Keep
X9
Not doing marketing strategy
2
3
13
4
1
23
59%
Keep
X10
The design of the playground is
less attractive
2
10
10
1
0
23
49%
Keep
X11
Expensive Ticket Selling Price
1
1
13
7
1
23
65%
Tall
X12
The same business competition
around
0
7
12
3
1
23
58%
Keep
X13
lack of analysis of market needs
0
5
13
3
2
23
62%
Tall
X14
Not making gimmicks and working
together with the school
1
3
14
5
0
23
60%
Tall
X15
slippery floor
1
1
7
11
3
23
72%
Tall
X16
mossy floor
0
2
4
14
3
23
76%
Tall
X17
Leaks on the walls and floor of the
pool
0
1
2
16
4
23
80%
Very High
X18
Damage to playgrounds
0
1
1
10
11
23
87%
Very High
X19
Unkempt garden area
0
12
8
2
1
23
53%
Keep
X20
Plumbing System is broken
0
0
2
6
15
23
91%
Very High
X21
Pump Engine is dead or damaged
0
0
1
2
20
23
97%
Very High
X22
Tap damage to the rinse chamber
0
12
4
5
2
23
57%
Keep
X23
Lack of water capacity in the rinse
room
1
7
8
4
3
23
61%
Tall
X24
Rupture of pool cramps
0
2
11
7
3
23
70%
Tall
X25
Not keeping the pool clean before
operation
0
4
10
7
2
23
66%
Tall
X26
Lack of preparedness and
preparedness of pool supervisors
1
11
2
7
2
23
58%
Keep
X27
K3 equipment is not complete
2
13
2
4
2
23
52%
Keep
X28
Lack of workers for pool
supervisors (lifeguards)
1
12
4
2
4
23
57%
Keep
X29
No cooperation with insurance
parties regarding end-of-end
safety
1
6
13
0
3
23
58%
Keep
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X30
Natural disasters
1
0
4
15
3
23
77%
Tall
After a risk assessment is carried out, it is to make it easier to find out the risks
that are the most priority to be handled is to include each occurance and severity values
of each risk where the x-axis is the severity of a risk (severity) and the y-axis is the degree
of probability or probability of occurrence of a risk (occurance). The results of the risk
matrix of risks that may occur in this water playground can be seen in table 6 below.
Table 7. Matrix Of Probality and Impact
Probalitas
Very
High
Tall
X22,
X24
X18,
X21
Keep
X2,X3,X4,X8,X10,X12,
X19,X26,X28
X11,
X13,X17,X23
X20
Low
X1,X6,X9,X27,X29
X5,X7,X14,X15,x
16,X25,X30
Very
Low
Very
Low
Low
Keep
Tall
Very
High
Impact
Information:
=
Low
=
Medium/
Moderate
=
High
So from the matrix table above, we can see that for low risk there are 5 variables,
risk with a medium level there are 21 risk variables, risk with a high level of 4 risk variables
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Figure 1. risk level in presentation
Based on the purpose of this writing, namely determining the dominant risk or very
high risk, 4 variables are obtained which are the next discussion according to the purpose
of writing, namely:
1. Variable risk Of Damage to playgrounds (X18)
2. Variable risk of damaged plumbing system (X20)
3. Variable risk of pump engine failure or damage (X21)
4. Variable risk of pool rupture (X24)
Contingency Cost Estimation
Contingency Costs are a certain amount of funds provided in reserve to deal with
uncertainties related to financing estimates. The percentage of contingency costs in the
operational phase of cibitung waterland metland can be calculated based on the high risk
obtained from this research. The percentage of contingency costs can be calculated by
the following equation:
%BC=L x I
where:
%BC= Percentage of Contingency Costs
L = Frequency Probability
I = Magnitude of Impact
By using frequency probability data and impact level values from the results
previously found, results are obtained as in the following table:
1
Risiko Rendah
16.7%
Risiko Sedang
70%
Risiko Tinggi
13.3%
16.7%
70%
13.3%
Presentasi Risiko
Implementation of the Principles of Good Governance in Improving Public Services at the
Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
, Vol 1 (12), September 2022
1625
Table 8. Percentage of Cost Increases Due to Operational Risks
No
Code
Risk Component
L
I
%BC
Affected Cost
Components
Operational Phase
1
X18
Damage to
playgrounds
0,61
0,87
53%
Maintanance
Costs
2
X20
Plumbing System is
broken
0,55
0,91
50%
Maintanance
Costs
3
X21
Pump Engine is dead
or damaged
0,61
0,97
59%
Maintanance
Costs
4
X24
Broken ceramic pool
0,61
0,70
42%
Maintanance
Costs
The amount of presentation of Maintenance
Risk:
51%
Source : Processed products
If depicted on the graph the percentage of the amount of risk costs in each risk
component at the preconstruction stage, it can be seen in the figure below
Figure 2. Percentage of Risk Costs in the Operational Phase
By using frequency probability data and impact level values from the results found
earlier, results are obtained as in the following table.
After obtaining the results of the probability value of frequency and impact, an
estimate of the increase in contingency costs based on risk can be obtained using the
equation %BC= L x I. Results from the equation. multiplied by the amount of cost per
component based on the existing operational budget plan data, it will be obtained what
percentage of the component contingency costs are related to the risks obtained.
53%
50%
59%
42%
Rusaknya
wahana
bermain
Sistem
Plumbing
rusak
Mesin Pompa
mati atau
rusak
Pecah
keramik
kolam
PRESENTASE BIAYA RISIKO
Implementation of the Principles of Good Governance in Improving Public Services at the
Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
, Vol 1 (12), September 2022
1626
Table 9. Cost Revenue Data for 2023
Cost of Revenue 2023
Sum
Weight
Electricity
IDR 510,000,000
17,92%
Water (PAM)
IDR 120,000,000
4,22%
Gas
Rp -
0,00%
Porporasi
IDR 688,500,000
24,19%
Direct Labor (Daily Salary & THR)
IDR 780,000,000
27,40%
Uniform
Rp -
0,00%
Maintenance
IDR 115,000,000
4,04%
Chemical
IDR 536,863,636
18,86%
Landscape
IDR 36,000,000
1,26%
Engineering
IDR 60,000,000
2,11%
Total
IDR
2,846,363,636
100,00%
The costs that are influenced by the results of high-risk research are maintenance
costs.
Amount of Risk Costs in the first year:
Amount of Cost in the first year x
Percentage of Contingency Costs
Amount of Risk Cost in the first year:
IDR 115,000,000 X 51%
IDR 58,607,608.70
So the amount of co-operation costs or reserve costs in the first year of operation
is IDR 58,607,608.70 or with a presentation of 51% of the estimated maintanance costs
which will be estimated annually during the operational life. Or 2.06% of the budgeted
operating costs every year
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the literature review, there are 42 variables that can affect
the operation of water playgrounds. The next stage is to verify, clarify and validate the
three experts to determine the variables that greatly affect the operation of waterparks,
waterlands, waterbooms and ordinary swimming pools. Based on the results of expert
validation, 30 variables were obtained that were very influential, these variables were
Implementation of the Principles of Good Governance in Improving Public Services at the
Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Sulawesi Province
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
, Vol 1 (12), September 2022
1627
used for the distribution of questionnaires to similar water playground operations
consisting of operational managers, maintanance staff, life guards, housekeeping and
other staff who are experienced in water playground operations. Of the 30 risks assessed
as relevant, those with a "
High
" risk level are the risk variables of damage to playgrounds
(X18), variables of risk of damaged plumbing systems (X20), variables of risk of pump
machines dying or damaged (X21), variable risk of rupture of pond cramps (X24), As
well as 21 risks with a "
Medium
" level and 5 risks with a "
Low"
level. From the results of
the presentation of the amount of risk (high risk) affecting operational costs, namely in
the maintanance cost item with an additional biya reserve per year of 51%. Or 2.06% of
operational costs.
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