THE LINK ROAD DESIGN OF JALAN PLUPUH TANON AND JALAN GABUGAN SECTION 1, SRAGEN INDONESIA

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Roads are built and maintained to provide services, such as the capacity to move people and products within a predetermined period, with the probability of goods being damaged and people injured or losing their lives relatively low.Therefore, the main goal of the road is safe to achieve safe, balanced, and sustainable road performance.This is reflected in geometric road planning, which includes symmetrical placement of physical elements of roads, cost (efficiency) analysis, reduction of adverse environmental impacts, traffic volume, road accessibility, and others.In addition to ensuring a higher level of road safety, other objectives of the road also include maximizing economic effectiveness in the construction of road infrastructure and reasonable goal accessibility time to maintain sustainable social, environmental, and economic growth (Adey, Burkhalter, & & Martani, 2019); (Mitrović Simić, Stević, Bogdanović, Subotić, & & Mardani, 2020); (Sedivy, et al., 2021).
As a result of the ability of roads to promote economic growth and improve human wellbeing, the road network is increasing at an unprecedented pace in the world.It is linked to the ability of each region to develop and compete globally because it facilitates the transportation of people and goods, communicates information, and provides access to essential services, all of The Link Road Design of Jalan Plupuh Tanon And Jalan Gabugan Section 1, Sragen Indonesia 212 | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022 which are prerequisites for the contemporary economy.The World Economic Forum analyzed the improvement of living standards in 140 countries each year, and the results showed that geographic regions with more vital connectivity experienced greater prosperity.In terms of public welfare, road infrastructure is critical (Carter, Killion, Easter, Brandt, & & Ford, 2020); (Ruiz & Guevara, 2020); (Mejía, Sánchez, Castañeda, & Pellicer, 2020).Indonesia has set a national goal to improve infrastructure initiatives essential for better logistics and transportation.In addition, the government prioritizes improving institutional connectivity with a specific focus on specific areas.By improving institutional connectedness, social, economic, cultural, and educational efforts will be strengthened by improving institutional connectedness and access and mobility for individuals across the archipelago (Leung, 2017).
Especially in the Sragen Regency of Central Java, road planning is very important to achieve Indonesia's national goals in the country's transportation network.One example of a crossregional connectivity application is the road connecting Jalan Plupuh Tanon and Jalan Gabugan Sragen.Based on the ground's contours, this road's location is the most efficient and shortest distance compared to alternative routes.In addition, using these highways helps the region and its surroundings realize their full potential in the small and medium enterprises and tourism sectors.
Road planning was carried out manually in this study using SE PDGJ 2021 (Highway Design Standard of Indonesia 2021) as guidelines and standards.Therefore, this planning applies only to Section 1 of STA 0+000 to STA 2+257.221,where the intended geometric alignment of the road is horizontal.
The systematic scientific research process must begin with identifying the exact problem.Therefore, based on the background information and description that has been given above, the author is interested in manually designing a horizontal alignment road in the city with a second local road classification, namely the type of 2-lane 2-way undivided road (2/2 TT) with a planned speed of 30 km / h (Rifai, Hadiwardoyo, Correia, & Pereira, 2016).

LITERATURE REVIEW Road Geometric Planning
The transport network is a fundamental component of the civil infrastructure and a key element of sustainable development and is essential for the effective and reliable operation of the transport system.Moreover, roads are part of the infrastructure that helps a region develop its potential while facilitating the movement of people and the delivery of commodities.Therefore, when the local economy undergoes a relatively large expansion, the availability of roads is seen as urgent (Mahanpoor, Monajjem, & Balali, 2021); (Howe, 2019); (Nolte, Kister, & Maurer, 2018).
To meet the road infrastructure, geometric road planning is needed, which is part of road planning that focuses on physical shape planning so that it can fulfill the essential function of the road, namely providing optimal service to traffic flow and maximizing the ratio of the level of use of implementation costs to provide a sense of security and comfort for road users.In addition, geometric road planning includes several elements adapted to the completeness and existing The Link Road Design of Jalan Plupuh Tanon And Jalan Gabugan Section 1, Sragen Indonesia 213 | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022 primary data from field survey results and has been analyzed and referred to applicable provisions (Jima & Sipos, 2022); (Malaghan, Pawar, & He, 2021).Geometric planning of roads is used as a preliminary step in constructing connecting roads or access roads.The access road is a road that connects one road with another that already exists to achieve goals both in terms of economic, social, educational, and others that facilitate people's lives.Access roads provide access to infrastructure such as markets, schools, and hospitals, while the high transportation costs associated with poor transport infrastructure tend to hinder development.Research on access road planning to the Bailey Mountain Bridge Span states that the results of geometric planning use a 2/2 UD road type, a lane width of 2.75 m, a plan speed of 30 km / h, a total road length of 569.06 m consisting of 5 intersection point (Wenz, Weddige, M., & Steckel, 2020); (Hasan, Firdaus, Sundara, & Astor, 2020).

Alignment Horizontal
Horizontal alignment consists of straight lines connected by curved lines.The curved line may consist of a circular arch plus an intermediate arch.The horizontal alignment includes a straight section of the road and a circular arch connecting the change of direction.The design of the linemen depends mainly on the design speed chosen for the road.The most critical part of the horizontal alignment is in the bend, where a centrifugal force pushes the vehicle out of the corner area.Therefore, for the safety of road users, the planning of curve sections needs to consider things such as maximum transverse slope, switching curve, visibility, side-free area, and widening of traffic lanes in the bend area (García, Camacho-Torregrosa, & Baez, 2020); (Garber & Hoel, 2018); (You, Yu, Huang, & Hu, 2022).
The horizontal alignment is divided into three elements that have a relationship between the steering wheel of the vehicle and the longitudinal axis of the body, such as 0° (straight line), constant (circular arch), or changeable (intermediate arch).For zero curvature (0°), the line of the running track has an indefinite radius, so the line is straight.The circular arch and relief arch are usually combined with a straight line, for example, connecting the circular arch to another circle's circular arch or the intermediate arch.The circle curve is mainly used to turn and change the vehicle's direction.For constant curvature, the line has a circular curvature because the radius of the running track line is also constant.For changeable curvature, the radius of the running track line also varies, shifting from infinity to a constant value, causing the line to change from a straight line to a circular arc.As long as the use is appropriate for each element and is well designed, then it can meet the driving requirements, besides there are no consistent restrictions to limit the number and frequency of use of such elements when building public roads (Pei, He, Ran, Kang, & Song, 2020).
The road is a three-dimensional tape; Its projection line on the horizontal plane is referred to as the horizontal alignment of the road, and the shape of its midline space is referred to as the route.The development of horizontal alignment theory to support effective and safe road planning is growing, one of which is using trajectory speed.This method is most suitable for designing horizontal alignment of slow-moving highways through bumpy terrain, especially two-lane The Link Road Design of Jalan Plupuh Tanon And Jalan Gabugan Section 1, Sragen Indonesia 214 | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022 mountain routes.This method can be incorporated into the current design process by adding additional design steps, given that street designers still work in the traditional way in different countries.Current route optimization software can also be equipped simultaneously with decision models.Based on research, horizontal alignment can influence the prediction of the trajectory of a typical directional control pattern in the pavement width that motorists can use (He & Pei, 2017); (Xu, Lin, & Shao, 2017).

Manual Road Design
Manual road design is a design that is carried out and taken into account by referring to applicable regulations.In Indonesia, MKJI 1997 (Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual, 1997) is used as a manual for the analysis, planning, design, and operation of traffic facilities such as signaled intersections, interchanges, and interlaced and roundabout sections, as well as roads (urban roads, intercity roads, and toll roads).This guide is mainly designed so that users can estimate the traffic behavior of a facility in specific traffic conditions, geometry, and environmental conditions (Isradi & Primary, 2020).
In addition to MKJI 1997 (Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual, 1997), SE PDGJ 2021 (Highway Design Standard of Indonesia 2021) is a more specific guideline in geometric road planning.This guideline is intended as a technical reference for geometric road designers to obtain the minimum and maximum limits of their design parameters by considering the ideal design requirements, field survey results, and terrain conditions.
In addition, various countries have their manuals for designing roads, such as the USA using AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), Japan using JRA (Japan Road Association), Indians using IRC (Indian Road Congress), and others.Each guide differs depending on the conditions in each country that are made to produce products that are accurate in design, meet needs and technical rules, and can be applied in physical execution in the field.

METHOD Road Design Data
Data is one of the leading forces in compiling scientific research and modeling.After the preparation period before the study is carried out, data collection is then carried out.The data are obtained according to the research plan for the appropriate and appropriate data.In obtaining and managing data, this study uses a literature method which is a method for identifying and processing written materials used in library data collection activities (Rifai, A. I., Hadiwardoyo, S. P., Correia, A. G., Pereira, P., & Cortez, P., 2015); (Rifai, Surgiarti, Isradi, & Mufhidin, 2021); (Rifai, Wibowo, Isradi, & Mufhidin, 2020).
The location of the road design is in Sragen Regency, Central Java, especially the road that aims to connect Jalan Plupuh Tanon with Jalan Gabugan Sragen, shown in Figure .The road to be built consists of 2 sections, while in this section, the planning will be discussed in section 1 from  4-1, page 42, Table 5-1, and page 49, Table 5-3.The results of the calculation of geometric elements will subsequently be presented in the form of data tables and superelevation drawings.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Horizontal Alignment Design
The road designation is designed as a public road with the status of a city road with a function as a secondary local road.The road is classified as Class III (Class 3) with type 2/2-TT and a lane width of 3.5 m.The plan speed (Vd) is 30 km/h, where the road terrain is flat with a slope of < 10% for a geometric length of 2,257 km.Here are the road route coordinates listed in Table 1 below The results of the calculation of coordinate differences are processed into calculations of the distance between points so that the path length is known as follows: The complete calculation results for all the above points are shown in Table 2 below.The above calculations are implemented for the other 2 points shown in Table 3 below.

CONCLUSION
The data processing results and horizontal alignment design connecting the Plupuh Tanon -Gabugan Sragen Section 1 road section from STA 0 + 000 to STA 2 + 257,221 can be drawn from several conclusions.The road is designed with the status of a city road and serves as a secondary local road, has a design speed (Vd) of 30 km/h, uses a spiral-circle-spiral (SCS) arch, and has an e value of 8%.The transitional curve length value (Ls) is 38 m, and the circular arch length value (Lc) is 44.229 m, with a radius (R) of 200 m for all three horizontal curve points that are planned and have met the existing requirements.

Superelevation
Superelevation is slope transverse road at one Turn that Functions to Offset style Centrifugal that works the moment the vehicle walks cornering, Stated deep unit % (Highway Design Standard of Indonesia 2021).By the account of the above Diagram, superelevation Is shown in Figure 2.

Table 1 .
. Coordinates of The Road Route

The Link Road Design of Jalan Plupuh Tanon And Jalan Gabugan Section 1, Sragen Indonesia 216
Based on the coordinates of the road route data above, the theta angle (θ) is as follows: | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022

Table 2 .
Coordinates Calculation Result

Table 3 .
Horizontal Alignment Calculation Result