THE GEOMETRIC REDESIGN OF HORIZONTAL CURVED USING AutoCAD CIVIL 3D ® : A CASE JALAN GARUDA – JALAN MOH. HATTA, TASIKMALAYA WEST JAVA

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
The expansion of highway infrastructure is a significant factor in conservation planning and development throughout the southern world.In the history of road construction, road users have always considered speed, safety, and comfort are considered simple responsibilities sufficient to guarantee the construction of roads.However, with the increasing importance of roads and many users, institutions demand maximality in road construction, which becomes an advantage for road users.The highway is one of the most widely used transportation infrastructures to support the economy and daily human activities that serve to pass traffic on it quickly, safely, and comfortably.In addition, the land transportation system requires road infrastructure as a connecting route to support the economy and regional, social, and cultural development.Global population growth is seeing an increase in food demand and from the global urban transition that is driving massive road expansion in the coming decades.It leads to a rise in the Number of vehicles and traffic congestion.Therefore the transport infrastructure must be updated and expanded to increase traffic capacity (Sloan, Alamgir, Campbell, Setyawati, & Laurance, 2019); (Mikolaj, Remek, & Margorinova, 2019); (Paikun, SP, Destaman, & Winardi, 2021); (Strano, et al., 2017); (Sun, Qiao, Wang, & Guo, 2019).
The Geometric Redesign of Horizontal Curved Using AutoCAD Civil 3D ® : A Case Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta, Tasikmalaya West Java 289 | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022 The rapid economic development in Indonesia makes traffic more congested.Indonesia currently has a population of more than 230 million people, and the country's economic growth has driven an increase in transportation and vehicle ownership demand.A similar figure also occurs in Jakarta, which has 10 million people.Jakarta may have about 12 million people during the day.Therefore, adequate facilities and infrastructure are needed to support the pace of the economy in Indonesia.Roads are infrastructure that connects an area with other areas that are very important in the community service system.Indonesia is also a country that has great tourism potential, so infrastructure related to accessibility is needed as an access road to tourist attractions (Soehodho, 2017); (Syaiful & Rusfana, 2022); (Agustaniah & Wicaksono, 2020).
The geometric design is an essential component and significantly affects aligning new paths.Geometric road planning deals with cross-sectional elements, visibility considerations, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, and intersection elements to convey essential factors such as design speed, topography or terrain, traffic factors, hourly design volume and capacity, environment, and other factors.The geometric structure of the road has three main elements: horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, and cross-section of the road.The horizontal alignment of the road determines the location of the road in question.There are three geometric components in the horizontal alignment, namely (Chakole & Wadhai, 2022); (Gaikawad & Ghodmare, 2020) tangent (straight line), curve (arch), and transition between straight line and arch.A vertical alignment (or road profile) is a longitudinal section of a road, which is divided from elements such as climbs, sag arches, and gradients (straight value lines) that connect the road.The geometric formula of the highway depends on specific design standards such as visibility, vehicle stability, entertainment driver, drainage, economy, and aesthetics (Geometric Design of a Highway Using Autocad Civil 3d); (Raji, Zava, Jirgba, & Osunkunle, 2017); (Chakole & Wadhai, 2022).
The development of technology today is increasing in earlier times.However, drawing still used the manual method with the help of tools.When designing geometrically using manual methods takes a longer time, there are errors in calculating costs and improper design results.In the world of rapid digital improvement today, there is one software for road planning, AutoCAD Civil 3D ® , a particular software in model planning related to Civil Engineering.Planning roads using AutoCAD Civil 3D ® results in a road planning process being more efficient, accurate, and time-saving than manual methods (Mandal, Pawade, Sandel, & Infrastructure, 2019); (Pandey, Atul, & Bajpai, 2019).
The purpose of writing this paper is to plan a geometric horizontal curved road on the North Ring Road section Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta in the northern area of Tasikmalaya City.The road is planned to add land transportation facilities and connect the Cibeureum District -Cipedes District.The location was chosen to update the existing design in the Final Project made by Intan Nurillah with the title Geometric Planning of the North Ring Road Section Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta.This planning uses the AutoCAD Civil 3D ® method according to road geometric planning standards to get the correct calculation results and save processing time.It is used for modeling, analyzing, and designing various civil infrastructure projects such as minor roads, highways, land development, railways, airports, and water.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® helps civil infrastructure professionals improve project delivery, maintain more consistent data and processes, and can respond more quickly to project changes.These include all the familiar parts of AutoCAD Civil 3D ® (Raji, Zava, Jirgba, & Osunkunle, 2017).
AutoCAD Civil 3D ® is a software application used by civil engineers and professionals to plan and design construction projects, road engineering projects, and water, including dams, ports, canals, and embankments.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® is commonly used for design creation and drafting.It can minimize the time to change the design and evaluate various situations.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® provides for creating 3D models of projects and helps with small and large-scale projects.It is helpful to imagine 3D visualizations, reducing time and budget.It also inherits many benefits if using AutoCAD Civil 3D ® (Mandal, Pawade, Sandel, & Infrastructure, 2019).
The AutoCAD Civil 3D ® update has a pre-trial change of design as well as production at the same time.When done manually, geometric designs may be very complicated and tedious and often make mistakes that result in high costs.Traditional techniques are also based on 2D analysis, which cannot ensure an appropriate layout.In this era, it all depends on the use of very advanced computer technology to design highway geometry with accurate precision results and save time and effort.Highway design poses a massive challenge without 3D modeling.It takes much time to cut and fill the computation.The volume calculation method can be carried out with an objectoriented approach automatically and accurately.To demonstrate how geometric design can be done quickly and accurately to make it easier for civil engineering professionals (Gaikawad & Ghodmare, 2020).
Several features are listed (Raji, Zava, Jirgba, & Osunkunle, 2017).AutoCAD Civil 3D®.First, BIM is used for civil engineering design on AutoCAD Civil 3D ® supporting Building Information Modeling (BIM) and helping to reduce the time required to design, analyze, and implement changes.Second, the efficient civil design on AutoCAD Civil 3D ® performs faster design iterations with intelligent 3D model-based applications that dynamically update related civilian design elements as changes change.As a result, it streamlines time-consuming tasks for corridor design, parcel design, and pressure and gravity network design.Thirdly, AutoCAD Civil 3D ® improves civil drafting and documentation.Linking design and documentation helps to increase productivity and provide higher-quality construction design and documentation.Changes in design elements are captured in the documentation, minimizing manual updates: Fourth, GPS survey tools for faster processing.GPS survey and data collection tools in AutoCAD Civil 3D ® can help update the process for better project delivery.Fifth, Integrated rainwater management and geospatial analysis.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® allows designers to improve project delivery and make more informed decisions using water visualization, simulation, and analysis integrated with the design process for stormwater management, geospatial analysis, and model analysis.

Horizontal Arch
The horizontal arch is the projection of the axis of the road on the horizontal plane.The horizontal arch of the highway determines the location and orientation in the plan view.It consists of three geometric components: tangents, circular curves, and transitional spirals between tangents and curves.The horizontal arches require determining the minimum radius of the curve and the length of the curve.The calculation of the horizontal offset from tangent to curve makes it easier to find the curve in the field (Syaiful & Syahrulloh, 2021); (Raji, Zava, Jirgba, & Osunkunle, 2017); (Chakole & Wadhai, 2022).A horizontal Arch is provided to change the direction of the road's center line.When a vehicle passes through a horizontal arc, centrifugal force acts out through the vehicle's center of gravity, depending on the curve's radius and the vehicle's speed.Horizontal Arch there are three types of arch shapes.First, Full Circle (FC), that is, a curve in the figure of a full circle arc, this bend has one central point of the circle with a uniform radius.The two Spiral-Circle-Spiral (SCS) bends consist of one circle and two spiral arches.The three Spiral-Spirals (SS) are bends consisting of two spiral arches (Vishwas & GR, 2021); (Veer, Gupte, & Juremalani, 2018); (Syaiful & Syahrulloh, 2021).Horizontal Arch is one of the most important features affecting road efficiency and safety.A good design will result in higher speeds and reduced road performance in terms of safety and comfort.Therefore, the basic consideration for horizontal curves, i.e. curves will be designed to have the possible most significant radius value and not less than the minimum value corresponding to the velocity design.Sharp curves will not be introduced at the end of the length tangent, long curves with corresponding transitions will generally be provided, inverted curves will be avoided as far as possible and horizontal arches will be well coordinated with vertical arches (Sukalkar & Pawar, 2022).

Highway
According to Government Law of Indonesia No. 34 of 2006, a road is a land transportation infrastructure that includes all parts of the road, including complementary buildings and equipment intended for traffic, which is at ground level, above ground level, below ground, and water level, as well as above water level, except railways, lorry roads, and cable roads.Public roads are roads intended for public traffic.Public roads are implemented by prioritizing the construction of road networks in production centers and roads connecting production centers with marketing areas.According to their status, public roads are grouped above; national roads, provincial roads, county roads, city roads, and village roads.The highway was built to provide comfort and safety for road users and the smooth movement of vehicles.However, in the modern world, two things are increasing in parallel: the population and the number of vehicles.This increase in the Number of vehicles increases the traffic density on the road resulting in congestion at the intersection.Road congestion negatively impacts normal traffic flow (Pandey, Atul, & Bajpai, 2019).
A highway is a public road connecting a large city or a small town.Highways play an essential role in a country's development because this infrastructure is recommended to positively correlate to economic activity by allowing the delivery of goods quickly and people to meet in an area.In addition, compared to other construction projects, highway projects are often recognized as high-risk projects because they are essential to a country's economy, social development, and politics.Therefore, governments worldwide prioritize significant financial investments to develop new highway projects and maintain existing highway networks (Kachhawah & Deulkar, 2022); (Castañeda, Sánchez, Herrera, & Mejía, 2022).
The development of road transport that has an effective system is the primary need of any state development.The improvement of existing road network systems is significant for developed countries because the capacity of roads in urban and non-urban highways will reach a saturation level over time due to increased traffic and others.Therefore, highway development requires proper planning methods.If there is congestion on national highways and in the country, many national roads have been added in recent years.Then this implies that the country's government has invested in the expansion in general, a well-developed transport system providing a vital link between the centers of production, distribution of goods, and the final consumer.It affects directly or indirectly the entire economic activity of the state.Roads provide the basic infrastructure needed for industrial and agricultural growth.A study shows that the productivity of increased transport is the most important in determining structural changes in the financial world (A.K., 2017); (Sukalkar & Pawar, 2022).

Geometric Planning Using AutoCAD Civil 3D ®
The geometric design of the road involves tasks such as creating a road alignment and planning a profile alignment using bearings or coordinates (east and north), station and point elevations along the proposed route, visibility requirements, horizontal curve radii, and vertical curve length; The calculation of the number of earthworks, and many other analyses and calculations aimed at finding optimal alignment also meet design standards and constraints.When done manually, geometric design is complicated, time-consuming, and prone to errors.It is currently geared towards using computer programs for the geometric design of roads.The program offers incredible precision and saves a lot of time and effort.This paper uses AutoCAD Civil 3D ® software to demonstrate how geometric road planning can be done quickly with a lot of convenience and precision.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® eliminates the main drawbacks of complicated, time-consuming, and highly error-prone manual design and planning (Chakole & Wadhai, 2022).
According to his journal entitled "Geometric Design of Highway Using Civil 3D", it is essential to plan and design roads safely, efficiently, economically, and easily for traffic movement and collecting details of different study data.Geometric design plays a significant role in every street and influences the alignment of its path.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® is a software application used by civil engineers and professionals to plan and design projects.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® associate design and production drafting are beneficial in reducing the time required when implementing design changes and assessing some sets of conditions.Although several factors influence the highway's design, the geometric design aims to provide optimal efficiency in traffic operations with satisfactory safety measures at a reasonable cost.
The journal entitled "A Review-Geometric Design of Highway with the Help of AutoCAD Civil 3D ® " said that roads contribute to economic development and growth and bring considerable social benefits.The road opens more areas and promotes social and economic development.The location of the design of the highway's center line on a surface is called alignment.The main requirements of alignment are short, easy, safe, and economical.Horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, and cross-section are the three main parts of geometric design.The Civil 3D design is simple and easy to understand to build alignment on AutoCAD Civil 3D ® using topography and survey data collected from LIDAR or similar technologies.Civil 3D uses integrated checks for transition length & visibility to analyze horizontal and vertical geometry, thus avoiding laborious calculations (Gaikawad & Ghodmare, 2020).This planning aims to plan a horizontal arch on the North Ring Road section Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta is in the northern area of Tasikmalaya City.Its function is as an additional means of land transportation for residents around and from outside and connects Cibeureum District and Cipedes District.Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the road is a secondary arterial road with a class II arterial road class.The road is 2 x (2 x 3.5) m. wide.The length of the road is 1004 m, with the 2/2-TT and VD road types being at least 30 km/h.Road planning using the AutoCAD Civil 3D ® application method with this planning work refers to the Highway Design Standard of Indonesia 2021.The results of the calculation of geometric elements will then be presented in the form of data tables and Detailed Engineering Designs (DED).

Road Data
Based on data obtained by Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta is a class II arterial road with the heaviest axis load of 10 tons, so it is planned that the heaviest vehicles passing by are medium vehicles.Therefore, the following are the criteria for designing horizontal alignment Jl.Lingkar Utara, Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta.

Road Trace Planning
Trace road Drawn according to the existing topographical field.The northern ring road will be planned to have two bends with a trace length starting from STA 0+000 -STA 1+016.79.Here is the planning trace of the north ring road.trace, and then the distance between the new trace points is 100 m.In AutoCAD Civil 3D ® , there are results of the elevation of the land of the two traces and, using the following formula, obtained the slope of the terrain for each stationing and the result of the slope of each stationing.Here are the formulasformulas that are considered to find the value of the minimal curved radius (Rmin) : Where:   = Minimal curved radius   = speed of design or plan Through the calculation formula above, the following is the result of the calculation of the spiral circle spiral (S-C-S) arch:

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of horizontal alignment planning on Jl.Lingkar Utara section Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta uses the AutoCAD Civil 3D ® method, Jl.North Ring section Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh.Hatta is a JSD road, a secondary artery (City Road) with a section length of 1016 m or 1,016 km (STA 0 + 000 -STA 1 + 016.79).In the horizontal planning, the north ring road has four bends, but only one bend is the PI1 arch which uses the S-C-S curve.Therefore, the R used on the road is 300 meters, e (level of superelevation) is 5.6%, and Ls is 59 meters.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Location of Research

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. North Ring Road Trace

The Geometric Redesign of Horizontal Curved Using AutoCAD Civil 3D ® : A Case Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh. Hatta, Tasikmalaya West Java 290 | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022 LITERATURE STUDIES AutoCAD Civil 3D ® AutoCAD
Civil 3D ® is a civil engineering design and documentation tool developed by Autodesk.AutoCAD Civil 3D ® software supports building modeling information, i.e., digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of the facility.

Table 1 .
Road Data

Table 2 .
Data of terrain slope

The Geometric Redesign of Horizontal Curved Using AutoCAD Civil 3D ® : A Case Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh. Hatta, Tasikmalaya West Java 296 | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022
the north ring road traffic is 0.15%.The terrain slope of <10% is classified as flat terrain following the Highway Design Standard of Indonesia 2021.Horizontal alignment planning uses the Spiral Circle Spiral (S-C-S) arch type at the PI1 arch point.In calculating the horizontal alignment of the Spiral Circle Spiral (S-C-S), there are several formulas used concerning the Highway Design Standard of Indonesia 2021, namely as follows:

Table 3 .
Planning Criteria

The Geometric Redesign of Horizontal Curved Using AutoCAD Civil 3D ® : A Case Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh. Hatta, Tasikmalaya West Java 297
= Transverse roughness factor   = Maximum superelevation Here's the formula for finding the min length value.Run-off superelevation curved switching (Ls1): | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022

Table 4 .
Calculation results of the Curved Spiral Circle Spiral (S-C-S)

The Geometric Redesign of Horizontal Curved Using AutoCAD Civil 3D ® : A Case Jalan Garuda -Jalan Moh. Hatta, Tasikmalaya West Java 299
Xs (The Abscissa of Point SC On the Tangent Line, Distance From Point TS to SC) 58,943 m Ys (Coordinates of point C on the perpendicular to the tangent line, the perpendicular distance to point SC on the arc) | Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, No. 1, December 2022