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2246

A SWOT ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE STRATEGIES OF PUBLIC

INFORMATION DISCLOSURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Irsyadinnas

, Sinta Ningrum

, Centurion Chandratama Priyatna

Master of Regional Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia

Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia

Faculty of Communication Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia

irsyadinnas20001@mail.unpad.ac.id

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Published: January 24

, 2023

This study aims to formulate alternative strategies in order to improve the

quality of public information disclosure (KIP) in East Belitung Regency. The

research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data

collection method is an interview with 2 main information and

documentation management officials (PPID), and 8 auxiliary PPID. The

selection of the ten respondents was carried out by purpossive sampling

method. The interview results were analyzed using the SWOT analysis

method. The results showed that a comprehensive strategy is needed to

improve the quality of KIP implementation in East Belitung Regency

through optimizing the use of strength and opportunity factors, as well as

minimizing the weaknesses and threats faced by public bodies, especially

from the institutional aspects of PPID, strengthening technical regulations,

and variations in the use of public information dissemination media in East

Belitung Regency.

Keywords: open government,

public information, local government,

PPID, SWOT analysis

This work is licensed under CC

BY-SA 4.0

INTRODUCTION

The right to obtain information is one of the human rights of everyone guaranteed by the

1945 Constitution. As a democratic country characterized by open government and upholding

human rights and people's sovereignty, it is considered important for the state to regulate how to

fulfill the rights of its citizens in order to meet the need for information (Tjoetra et al., 2020). This

arrangement in the Indonesian government system is carried out with the approach of the concept

of public information disclosure. Through public information disclosure, it is hoped that it can

fulfill the right of every Indonesian citizen to obtain public information. Furthermore, through

public information disclosure, it is expected to be able to optimize public supervision by citizens

of the state administration and everything related to the public interest.

Realizing that the importance of public information management in state administration, the

Government of Indonesia legitimizes this concept of public information disclosure through Law

(UU, Undang-Undang) Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure (KIP,

Keterbukaan Informasi Publik) (Ardina & Saharuddin, 2021). This law mandates that every public

body at every level of government is obliged to provide public information services to users of

public information. Public information managed by public bodies must be presented in a more

transparent, responsible, and service-oriented manner, and must be accessible quickly, efficiently,

easily accessible to the public, and easy to understand.

The implications of the principle of implementing public information disclosure as mandated

by the KIP Law that public information must be obtained quickly, on time, and simply, make

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public bodies have to think of media that can be used as effectively and efficiently as possible in

the implementation of public information disclosure (Budhirianto, 2018).

As part of a unified government in Indonesia, the Regional Government of East Belitung

Regency has an obligation to carry out the mandate of the KIP Law. This obligation has

implications for the establishment of an integrative and collaborative institutional system from all

public bodies at the regional level of East Belitung Regency in charge of managing public

information, namely the Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID, Pejabat

Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi).

Although from the side of the local government as a public body there have been efforts to

improve the quality of the implementation of public information disclosure, as evidenced by the

achievements of the East Belitung Regional Government which obtained the second rank (II) in

the quality of public information disclosure implementation from seven regencies/cities in Babel,

but from the side of the community as users of public information services, it is still not optimal

as evidenced by the public partisanship in utilizing public information in East Belitung is still low,

based on the results of a survey conducted by the Regional Government in 2019, only about 24

percent of the total respondents at the community level know information about priority programs

and regional policies, and the types of public services available.

The results of the public satisfaction survey of public information services in 2019 conducted

by the Communication and Informatics Service of East Belitung Regency also showed results that

the level of public satisfaction with public information services was still low, with a Community

Satisfaction Index (IKM, Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat) value of around 71.3 (in the Less Good/C

category, at intervals 65-76.6). This means that the quality of public information disclosure in East

Belitung is still not running optimally, so strategic steps are needed to improve the quality of public

information disclosure in East Belitung.

Based on the results of tracing previous studies, several studies related to this research were

found, including the first research related to this research topic conducted by Zulaikha and

Paribrata (2017) entitled "The Implementation of Public Information Disclosure Policy in East

Java in 2016." This study aims to capture the implementation of public information disclosure

policies in East Java, consisting of 38 regencies/cities and 56 Regional Apparatus Work Units. The

results of this study show that for district or city governments, the implementation of this

information disclosure policy has experienced encouraging developments, but this is not the case

with the Regional Apparatus Work Unit. Likewise, the Information and Documentation

Management Officer has also experienced developments although there are still shortcomings in

the implementation of their duties. This study only looked at the implementation of KIP from the

subject aspect, infrastructure aspects (Budget, infrastructure, and personal PPID), and substance

aspects (Public information services), has not paid attention to the aspect of legal certainty in the

implementation of KIP.

The second study related to this research topic was conducted by Henovanto et al. (2020)

entitled "Analysis of DKI Jakarta Provincial PPID Achievements in Winning the 2019 Public

Information Disclosure Award". The purpose of this study was to see and analyze what efforts

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have been carried out by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government so that it is able to get the Public

Information Disclosure award from the Information Commission. The results showed that the

strategy of the DKI Jakarta Regional Government to win the award was through the application of

Governor Regulation Number 175 of 2016 concerning Public Information Services.

The third research was conducted by Rosidin & Hamid (2020) with the title "Online Media

and Digital Public Relations Work of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government." This research

focuses on the study of how political public relations uses new media as a means of supporting the

delivery of information. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of the use

of online media by political public relations within the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. This

research resulted in the fact that political public relations has utilized new media to disseminate

information quickly and thoroughly according to the characteristics of new media that can be

accessed globally and efficiently. This research has not explained the comparison of strategies for

the use of new media and old media, because the segmentation of the public as users of public

information is not entirely developed in the use of new media.

The three recent studies as stated above related to this study provide an overview of the

strategy for implementing KIP at the local government level, but unfortunately the strategies

proposed from the results of the study are still partial, not showing a comprehensive strategy on

how various aspects related to KIP can be optimized to improve the quality of KIP service delivery

in each region or research locus.

Today, the analytical instruments used by many organizations in both public sector and

private sector organizations to formulate strategies to achieve organizational goals, one of which

is the SWOT analysis (Fatimah, 2020). SWOT analysis is believed to be able to provide a more

comprehensive view related to what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced

by the organization, so that the organization can formulate a comprehensive and closer strategy

(Factual) according to the overall condition of the organization by observing these four factors at

once simultaneously.

With regard to the description above, this study aims to formulate a strategy using a SWOT

analysis in order to improve the quality of public information disclosure in East Belitung Regency.

The research is expected to be an input for local governments to solve problems that are still

obstacles in the implementation of public information disclosure in East Belitung Regency.

METHOD

The research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection method used in this

study was interview by interviewing respondents as key informants, namely 2 Main Regional

Information Management Officers (PPID) from the Communication and Informatics Service of

East Belitung Regency, and supporting informants, namely 8 Auxiliary PPID Representatives

spread across the regional apparatus of East Belitung Regency. The PPID Assistants in question

come from the Education Office, Health Office, Public Works and Spatial Planning Office, Social

and Village Community Empowerment Office, Manpower, Cooperatives, and Small and Medium

Enterprises Office, Investment Office, One-Stop Integrated Service, and Trade.

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The selection of samples in the form of key informants and supporting informants above was

carried out with a purpossive sampling approach. The selection of this purpossive sampling

method was carried out with the consideration that respondents as a research sample unit need to

have the criteria needed as research objects, namely those who understand the ins and outs and are

directly and actively involved in the implementation of KIP in East Belitung Regency.

Furthermore, the data analysis method used was SWOT analysis by identifying internal

factors, namely strengths (S) and weaknesses (W), as well as external factors, namely opportunities

(O) and threats (T) from each respondent's answers and statements to the implementation of KIP

in East Belitung Regency at the time of the interview, and then developing a SO, ST, WO, WT

strategy using the TOWS matrix from the results SWOT component identification (Rangkuti,

2011).

In more detail, the SWOT analysis procedure in this study was carried out through the

following steps: 1. Grouping themes for each SWOT component; 2. Simplifying the theme for

each SWOT component; 3. Determine the priority theme of the SWOT component based on weight

value and rating; 4. Group SWOT components by priority ranking; and 5. Strategizing SO, ST,

WO, WT using the TOWS matrix.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Based on the stages of grouping, simplifying, and determining the priority theme of each

SWOT component in order to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of KIP

implementation in East Belitung Regency, the results are obtained as shown in table 1 below.

Table 1. Results of Grouping, Simplifying, and Determining the Priority Theme of Each SWOT

Component towards the Implementation of KIP in East Belitung Regency

SWOT Components

Load

Rating

Score

Priority

Strengths (S)

HR: the number of available staff/employees has

relatively met the needs of the PPID work unit.

Budget: There is a guarantee of budget

availability for the implementation of KIP by

PPID through the APBD.

Facilities and Infrastructure: The availability of

relatively adequate facilities and infrastructure for

the implementation of KIP.

Leadership: All levels of leadership at the

structural level have an adequate understanding

of the management of public information.

Weaknesses (W)

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HR: PPID employees/staff who understand and

are able to carry out ppid duties and functions in

a low quality and uneven.

Technical Regulations: There is no regional head

regulation that regulates public information

governance and PPID work procedures.

PPID Services: The gap in access to information

between the government and the public.

Government to Government (G to G) Relations:

There is guidance and assistance from the central

government regarding the implementation of KIP

by PPID.

Opportunities (O)

References: Learning materials on public

information governance are very easy to obtain

for free.

Facilities and Infrastructure: The development of

information technology is so massive and easy to

adapt to be used for the benefit of PPID in the

implementation of KIP.

Communication Network: Internet access is

getting better and more affordable for all

locations in Indonesia.

Threats (T)

The development of ICT: The development of

information and communication technology is

very fast.

Geographical Conditions: The geographical

condition of East Belitung (rivers, islands,

forests) causes uneven communication networks

(blankspot conditions) which results in gaps in

access to information.

Community Demands: The demands of the

community are increasing to access public

information services more quickly, precisely,

integratedly, and accurately.

Based on table 1 above, the magnitude of the weight value describes the possible impact on

the success of the PPID organization in the present and future. The greater the weight value, the

greater the likelihood of impact on the success of the PPID organization in the present and future.

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The interpretation of the weight value is as follows: 7 very, very impactful; 6 is very impactful; 5

impact; 4 is quite impactful; 3 small impact; 2 has no impact; and 1 has absolutely no impact.

The rating value illustrates how much role the strategy plays for improving the quality of

KIP implementation in East Belitung Regency. The interpretation of the rating value is as follows:

4 is very strong/very prominent; 3 strong/protruding; 2 no nenonjol; 1 least stands out.

The score is obtained from the result of the multiplication between the weight value and the

rating value. Then the highest weight value of each SWOT component is ranked to indicate

priority. The higher the score score, the more it occupies the priority position.

Furthermore, from the results of grouping, simplifying, and determining the priority theme

of each SWOT component above, then a SO, WO, ST, WT strategy was compiled which was

presented in the TOWS matrix which describes alternative strategies that can be done to improve

the quality of KIP implementation in East Belitung Regency. The results of the formulation of the

SO, WO, ST, WT strategy are presented in table 2 below.

Table 2. SO, ST, WO, WT Strategy Formulation Results in TOWS matrix

Strengths (S)

Weaknesses (W)

Leadership: All levels of

leadership at the structural

level have an adequate

understanding and

commitment regarding the

management of public

information.

Technical Regulations:

There is no regional head

regulation that regulates the

governance of KIP

implementation and PPID

work procedures

Facilities and Infrastructure:

The availability of relatively

adequate facilities and

infrastructure for the

implementation of KIP.

HR: PPID employees/staff

who understand and are able

to carry out ppid duties and

functions in a low quality

and uneven.

Budget: There is a guarantee

of budget availability for the

implementation of KIP by

PPID through the APBD.

Bureaucratism: An overly

convoluted and highly

bureaucratic system of

government

HR: the number of available

staff/employees has relatively

met the needs of the PPID

work unit.

Opportunities (O)

SO Strategy

WO Strategy

Facilities and

Infrastructure: The

development of

Encouraging the acceleration

of planning, organizing

changes and implementing

Develop technical

regulations and standard

operating procedures on the

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information

technology is so

massive and easy to

adapt to be used for the

benefit of PPID in the

implementation of

KIP.

KIP through the role of

leadership to optimize the

utilization of human resource

potential, facilities and

infrastructure, and PPID

budget.

governance of KIP

implementation and PPID

work procedures to further

ensure legal certainty of KIP

implementation and

strengthen the role, duties

and functions of PPID

Communication

Network: Internet

access is getting better

and more affordable

for all locations in

Indonesia.

Utilizing the development of

information technology,

communication networks and

easy access to information

regarding KIP governance for

the benefit of PPID in the

implementation of KIP.

Utilizing infrastructure,

communication networks,

and references available

online to increase the

capacity of PPID human

resources in understanding

KIP more evenly

References: Learning

materials on public

information

governance are very

easy to obtain for free.

Optimizing coordination and

consulting with competent

government agencies on the

implementation of KIP to

accelerate the implementation

of higher quality KIP services.

Integrating KIP

implementation activities as

part of the bureaucratic

reform agenda at the

regional level so that the

implementation of KIP can

be more effective and

efficient.

Government to

Government (G to G)

Relations: There is

guidance and

assistance from the

central government

regarding the

implementation of KIP

by PPID.

Threats (T)

Strategy ST

WT Strategy

The development of

ICT: The development

of information and

communication

technology is very fast.

Improving the ability of

skilled and effective human

resources to the development

of ICT to improve the quality

of KIP services to public

information users, especially

the people of East Belitung

Providing more varied

communication media by

not only relying on online

media, for example through

local newspapers, and

regional radio for the

dissemination of public

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information in East Belitung

Regency.

Community Demands:

The demands of the

community are

increasing to access

public information

services more quickly,

precisely, integratedly,

and accurately.

Establish cooperation with

communication network

providers to build adequate

communication infrastructure

to overcome communication

network inequality due to

geographical conditions

Conducting socialization

and education to all levels of

society or users of public

information about the

importance of understanding

public information and how

to access it.

Geographical

Conditions: The

geographical condition

of East Belitung

(Rivers, islands,

forests) causes uneven

communication

networks (blankspot

conditions) which

results in gaps in

access to information.

From table 2 above, there are at least 10 alternative strategies that need to be carried out by

the East Belitung Regency government to improve the quality of KIP implementation in East

Belitung Regency. The ten strategies above consist of 3 SO strategies, 2 ST Strategies, 3 WO

Strategies, and 2 WT Strategies.

The first SO strategy is to encourage the acceleration of planning, organizing changes and

implementing KIP through the role of leadership to optimize the utilization of human resource

potential, facilities and infrastructure, and PPID budget. This is in line with the idea of Pratiwi and

Aslami (Pratiwi & Aslami, 2022) that quality leadership has an important and significant role for

organizational change for the better. The strength factor in the form of organizational leaders who

have an adequate understanding and commitment regarding the management of public information

in East Belitung is one of the basic capitals to be able to manage resources owned by public bodies,

as well as being able to capture opportunities that exist outside the organization (Effendi, 2022).

Next, the second SO strategy is to take advantage of the development of information

technology, communication networks and easy access to information regarding KIP governance

for the benefit of PPID in the implementation of KIP. That public organizations today must be able

to adapt and adapt to the development of information technology (Prasanti & Indriani, 2019), so

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that the communication of public bodies with the public served can be more close and interactive

(Zainal & Sarwoprasodjo, 2018).

Furthermore, the third SO strategy is to optimize coordination and consultation with

competent government agencies for the implementation of KIP to accelerate the implementation

of higher quality KIP services. This strategy is in line with the results of the minds of Fauziyah et

al. (2022) that good coordination relations between the central and regional governments, as well

as between government agencies are crucial for ensuring cohesion and standardization of

development policies. Indeed, the principle of decentralization guarantees that local governments

have the authority to regulate the administration of their own government autonomously, but the

administration of government must be in line and in line with policies at the higher level of

government, namely the central government (Harsasto, 2020). This means that through this third

SO strategy, it is hoped that the implementation of KIP in East Belitung Regency can be in line

and support with the agenda of implementing KIP nationally.

Two alternative ST strategies as produced from the TOWS matrix include: 1. Improving the

ability of skilled and effective human resources to the development of ICT to improve the quality

of KIP services to public information users, especially the people of East Belitung; 2. Establishing

cooperation with communication network providers to build adequate communication

infrastructure to overcome communication network inequality due to geographical conditions, is

an effort that needs to be made to optimize the use of strength while overcoming external threats

faced by public bodies in the management of KIP in East Belitung Regency. The first is the

importance of increasing the human resource capacity of KIP service managers to be able to better

adapt to ICT developments (Rodiyah et al., 2021) is an absolute need that must be met by public

organizations in facing the current 4.0 era (Wiralestari & Fredy O, 2018), in order to be able to

communicate better with the information user community whose communication behavior is

strongly influenced by ICT advances (Istyanto & Nasrulloh, 2019), which is a characteristic of

public communication in the 4.0 era (Dalimute et al., 2017).

The availability of adequate communication network infrastructure is also one of the

requirements so that the dissemination of public information can be carried out more massively to

reach as wide as possible public areas in East Belitung. Noting that the online communication

infrastructure in East Belitung has only reached approximately 61% so that there is still around

39% of the blankspot area (out of coverage) in East Belitung. This means that intensive cooperation

with communication network providers (Herdiana, 2022) is needed in order to expand their

communication business networks, so as to minimize the threat of information gaps (Noor, 2019).

This strategy cannot be done quickly, because telecommunications service providers cannot

immediately expand their business if they are not profitable from the business side, so an

investment policy approach from the local government is needed, for example by zero withdrawal

of communication network levies for example 1 year for the location of communication network

expansion to generate business profits (profit) from the business side.

Then the first alternative WO strategy that can be done by PPID in East Belitung Regency is

to compile technical regulations and standard operating procedures regarding the governance of

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KIP implementation and PPID work procedures. The existence of technical regulations, for

example in the form of regional regulations or regional head regulations, plays an important role

in ensuring legal certainty in the implementation of KIP and strengthening the role, duties and

functions of PPID. The DKI Jakarta government has proven how the implementation of Governor

Regulation Number 175 of 2016 concerning Public Information Services has brought Jakarta as

the recipient of the KIP award from the Information Commission in 2019 (Henovanto et al., 2020).

Furthermore, the effective implementation of this technical regulation is one of the innovations in

governance, namely about how regulation has a role in national economic development (Muhlizi,

2017). It means that open governance will be the avenue for an increase in the economy in a region.

The next WO strategy is to utilize infrastructure, communication networks, and references

available online to increase the capacity of PPID human resources in understanding KIP more

evenly. This is in line with the second ST strategy regarding the importance of hr investment to

improve the quality of KIP services in East Belitung Regency. Furthermore, the third WO strategy,

namely integrating KIP implementation activities as part of the bureaucratic reform agenda at the

regional level, is a strategic step towards better governance (Kusuma et al., 2022), so that in the

future the implementation of KIP in East Belitung Regency can be held more effectively and

efficiently.

Furthermore, still by looking at table 2 of the TOWS matrix, it was found that the first WT

strategy to minimize weaknesses and avoid threats faced by public bodies in the implementation

of KIP in East Belitung Regency is by providing more varied communication media by not only

relying on online media, for example through local newspapers, and regional radio for

dissemination of public information in East Belitung Regency. Although on the one hand in this

era of openness, the development of information technology has had a significant impact on the

development of communication media, where it can be observed that the phenomenon of

technological disruption due to the industrial revolution 4.0 which is characterized by the

increasingly massive use of information technology in communication (Ahmadi, 2020). However,

actually the ways and media of communication of the public or the public are still varied, meaning

that not all people develop in the way of communication through online media or new media

(Meifitri & Susanto, 2020). There is still a segment of the public or society that still relies on the

old media through newspapers, television, and radio. This is also strengthened by geographical

conditions in East Belitung Regency which results in 39% of them being blankspot areas. This

means that new media cannot be used as the only mainstay used as a medium for implementing

KIP, plus the fulfillment of the development of new media communication infrastructure requires

a short time because it is related to the business count of telecommunications network service

providers.

The second or last WO strategy is to conduct socialization and education to all levels of

society or users of public information about the importance of understanding public information

and how to access it. This strategy departs from the idea that in order for the mastery of information

to be evenly distributed to both parties, namely public and public bodies, efforts are needed to

attract the public to better know the importance of access to public information, so that the public

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can provide feedback for the improvement of public services. Thus public information can be

mastered in a balanced or symmetrical manner which is characterized by a two-way

communication model as the communication model according to J. Grunig and T. Hunt (1984) in

Purnomo (2020).

CONCLUSION

From the results and discussion above, it was concluded that the local government as the

public sector organizing authority needs to carry out a comprehensive strategy to improve the

quality of KIP implementation in East Belitung Regency through optimizing the use of strengths

and opportunities, as well as minimizing the weaknesses and threats faced by public bodies,

especially from the institutional aspects of PPID and the resources it has (availability and capacity

of human resources, guarantee of the budgets availability, and adequate facilities and

infrastructure). Furthermore, strengthening technical regulations and SOPs to provide legal

certainty and guidance in the implementation of KIP in East Belitung Regency, as well as

variations in the use of public information dissemination media so that public information can be

reached by as widely as possible, especially in East Belitung Regency. That way, the relationship

of two-way interactive communication between public sector organizations and the public in their

second capacity as subjects of development can be achieved well.

This research has limitations, because the newly built strategy is based on the views of the

PPID as a representation of public bodies. In the future, it is also necessary to determine strategies

by observing the views of the public as users of public information, especially regarding how to

access and form the required public information in accordance with the situation and conditions of

the public or society itself, so that a qualitative approach with the source triangulation method

needs to be carried out to examine the more in-depth views of at least two entities involved in the

implementation of KIP, namely from public bodies that providing KIP services, and at the same

time from the public as users of public information.

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