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374
FACTORS AFFECTING THE MINDSET IN CULTIVATING
MANAGEMENT MAJOR’S STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURSHIP
SPIRIT
Mutia Sari Dewi
1
, Zuhrinal M Nawawi
2
State Islamic University of North Sumatera, Indonesia
1
mutiasari8011@gmail.com,
2
zuhrinal.nawawi@uinsu.ac.id
Abstract
The mindset of an entrepreneur is influenced by several factors such as environmental factors, association
with the community, education, and experience. This study aims to determine what factors influence the
entrepreneurial mindset to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in the Management Study Program students at
the State Islamic University of North Sumatera. This research model uses a qualitative approach with
survey and interview methods and involves 56 people. The results of this study indicate that the factors that
influence the entrepreneurial mindset of Management Study Program students at the State Islamic
University of North Sumatera are environmental factors, association with the community, education, and
experience. The way to develop an entrepreneurial mindset in the Management Study Program students at
the State Islamic University of North Sumatra is by developing a positive mindset and avoiding negative
thinking patterns.
Keywords: Mindset, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Spirit
This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
INTRODUCTION
One of the efforts to reduce the level of educated unemployment in Indonesia is to create
graduates who have an orientation as job makers (Entrepreneurs). It is a pity because students'
interest in entrepreneurship is relatively small. Therefore, people need to form an
entrepreneurial mindset (Nurrachmi et al., 2021).
The entrepreneurial mindset describes an innovative and energetic way of thinking that
takes advantage of opportunities and acts to realize these opportunities (Romli, 2013). The
mindset of a person often changes when realizing his dream of doing entrepreneurship, because
there are many fears of things that they have never tried or happened. Mindset is believed to
know who people really are and what their abilities are. Moreover, we must be confident in our
abilities because so many people doubt their abilities. So that they discourage their intention to
realize their dream of becoming an entrepreneur, in this case, we must seek, know and learn
new knowledge to broaden our horizons to change our mindset, to have an innovative mindset
because with innovative thinking people can create new things in entrepreneurship (Albra et
al., 2019). Entrepreneurship is a value that is embodied in behavior that is used as the basis for
resources, driving forces, goals, tactics, tips, business processes, and results (Sanusi, 1994).
Entrepreneurs are defined as people who can see and assess business opportunities, gather
the necessary resources and act to obtain these advantages and opportunities. Therefore, the
researcher sees that there are factors that influence the entrepreneurial mindset of Management
Study Program students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. For this reason, the
author makes research on this problem entitled "Factors Affecting the Mindset in Cultivating
Management Major’s Students’ Entrepreneurship Spirit".
Factors Affecting the Mindset in Cultivating Management Major’s Students’ Entrepreneurship Spirit
375 Vol. 1, No. 4, January 2022
Understanding Mindset
The mindset according to Triantis (2013) is the philosophy of life, way of thinking,
attitudes, opinions, and mentality of a person or a group. Another definition of mindset is that
it is important to explain human judgment and decision making which in some decisions can
correct or exacerbate decision bias (Hamilton et al., 2011). Shaping an entrepreneurial mindset
is critical to sustaining economic competition (McGrath and MacMillan, 2000).
A mindset is built to interpret everything we see and experience. Mindset will move
behavior and lead to facts that occur. When the mindset tends to be pessimistic, then our lives
will also be like that, and vice versa, when the mindset tends to be positive, the results will also
be positive, similarly, the mindset in the face of change. When a person has felt successful and
rich, then he tends to feel satisfied and then resist change. On the other hand, someone who
thinks about change will think and try to update the product, so that it is always fresh (Marsellina
& Sugiharto, 2019).
Changes in mindset sometimes often happen to everyone, especially to people who always
feel it, because they will realize the slightest change in their mindset whether they feel a
positive or negative mindset if they feel a positive change in themselves. Then there is an urge
in them to always be optimistic in achieving their dreams in entrepreneurship. On the other
hand, with a negative mindset, it will cause them to be pessimistic about achieving their
dreams, therefore education and communication to get information is very important in
changing one's mindset in entrepreneurship so that they have innovative and creative minds in
realizing their dreams of becoming a successful entrepreneur (Purwaningsih, 2019).
Entrepreneurship
In interpreting entrepreneurship, you must first understand the meaning of
entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship in terms of Indonesian etymology comes
from the words Wira and Usaha. Wira means fighting, hero, superior human, exemplary,
virtuous, valiant, and of great character. Usaha means an act of charity, doing something.
Entrepreneur according to Joseph Schumpeter (1934) is an innovator who implements changes
in the market through new combinations. The new combination can be in the form of
introducing new products, introducing new production methods, opening new markets,
obtaining new sources of supply of new materials or components, or running a new
organization in an industry. From the meaning of entrepreneur, then entrepreneurship can be
interpreted as follows.
Entrepreneurship is an ability to create something new and different (Drucker, 1959).
Another definition of entrepreneurship is the spirit, attitude, behavior, and ability of a person
in handling a business or activity that leads to efforts to find, create, and apply new ways of
working, technology, and products by increasing efficiency to provide better services and/or
obtain better profits. Entrepreneurship comes from the word "Entreprendre" (French) which
means, "to undertake" (English) means someone who opens a business and is ready to face the
risk of loss or loss to obtain money or profit. A person who is adept at giving birth to a new
business is called an entrepreneur.
Factors Affecting the Mindset in Cultivating Management Major’s Students’ Entrepreneurship Spirit
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Entrepreneurial Spirit
Like planting a tree to make it grow and bear fruit, it needs to be cared for, watered, and
given fertilizer. Making plants grow takes time; you cannot plant them right away. For the tree
to grow it takes months, even years to grow and bear fruit. When small, these plants are very
difficult to maintain so that they can grow, not to mention pests, lack of water, and so on. Plants
to grow require a process, just like humans, growing an entrepreneurial spirit is very difficult
at first.
Meredith (1996) suggests the characteristics of an entrepreneurial spirit are self-
confidence, task and result oriented, risk-taking, leadership spirit, originality, and future-
oriented.
1. Confidence, someone who has self-confidence, will always have confidence, do not
depend on others, individuality, and optimism. People who have self-confidence will
have the ability to work alone in organizing, supervising, and achieving success
(Suryana, 2013).
2. Task and result oriented, an entrepreneur who is task and result oriented to have the
character of need for achievement, profit-oriented, diligent and steadfast, determination
to work hard, has a strong drive, energetic, and initiative.
3. Risk-taker, having the ability to take a risk and likes a challenge. For entrepreneur every
challenge must be faced with full calculation. Someone who has high self-confidence
is relatively able to face and solve problems without waiting for the help of others.
4. Leadership traits do exist within each individual. A successful entrepreneur always has
leadership, pioneering, and exemplary qualities. The individual wants to get along to
look for opportunities and is open to criticism and suggestions, which means that
criticism and suggestions are used as opportunities, not offenses (Suryana, 2013).
5. Originality Innovative entrepreneurs are creative people. As an entrepreneur, they must
have creative ideas for the success of their business, what is meant by original here is
not only following other people's ideas but also having their own opinions and the
ability to carry out something with the ideas they have.
6. Future-oriented, someone who is future-oriented is a person who has perspective and
foresight. Because they have foresight, the individual always tries, has the initiative,
and works. Even though there are risks that may occur, the individual remains steadfast
in seeking opportunities and challenges for future updates (Suryana, 2013).
METHOD
This research model is the model of a qualitative approach. The techniques of collecting
data are through surveys and interviews. Survey research is the research activity that collects
data at a given moment with three important objectives, which describe the natural state of
living in the moment. Identifying measurably present circumstances to be compared and
determine the relationships among living things specific events. This research model is the best
model of the original to collect data to describe the state of the population (Sukardi, 2003). The
subject of this study is the Student Management Prodi UINSU.
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377 Vol. 1, No. 4, January 2022
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Mindset of UINSU Management Study Program
Students
The factors that influence the entrepreneurial mindset of UINSU management study
program students are environmental factors, association with the community, education, and
experience. Each of these factors is described below.
1) Environmental factor
The family environment is the first educational environment because it is in this
family that children first receive education and guidance. It is also said to be the main
environment because most of the child's life is in the family. Family background has a
big influence on the formation of a person's mindset. Families who develop the habit
of eating together, reading books, turning off the lights after finishing use, and other
positive habits, will produce family members who have a mindset that is colored by the
values that were built together by the family earlier. The mindset of someone who
comes from a family that is full of positive value systems is certain to be superior to a
family that does not or does not build its value system.
2) Factors of Association with Society
People who are friends with entrepreneurs tend to show an entrepreneur-like
mindset. People who are friends with politicians tend to follow the politician's style of
thinking. People who are friends with the gossipers then will be infected with the
itching of the gossipers. In addition, if a person befriends a pious person, he or she tends
to adopt the qualities and ways of thinking of the pious person. Consequently, if a
person wants to have a good mindset, he will be careful in choosing friends.
3) Education Factor
Education is the best solution to form a superior mindset. One will not let the time
pass without reading a book. He will diligently charge himself through useful
seminars. He will try to improve his education to a higher level, not because of a
diploma or the pride of holding a series of academic degrees, but because of the
awareness to continue to improve self-competence. Nor would he allow himself to
watch TV for more than an hour a day.
4) Experience Factor
Experience is knowledge or expertise gained from direct observation or participation
in real events and activities. Experience can bring entrepreneurial people to success
because with the experience of an entrepreneur or prospective entrepreneur has the
capital to move to do a bigger business. It does not mean that someone who does not
have experience does not do business; someone who does not have experience in this
field can continue to do business with work experience and life experience. With
experience, a person can think rationally to make objective decisions so as not to repeat
past failures.
How to Develop an Entrepreneurial Mindset in UINSU Students
The definition of thinking is still debated among education experts. Among them, there are
still different views, but generally, the thinkers agree that thinking can be related to the process
of making decisions and solving problems. Thinking is the process of using the mind to find
Factors Affecting the Mindset in Cultivating Management Major’s Students’ Entrepreneurship Spirit
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meaning and understanding of something. Various possible ideas or create and make
reasonable considerations, to make decisions and solve problems and so make reflection and
metacognition of the processes experienced. Thinking is an activity that focuses on exploring
ideas, providing various possibilities, and looking for answers that are more correct. In
developing entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur must develop his mindset based on positive
thinking patterns and avoid negative thinking patterns. The following describes how to develop
an entrepreneurial mindset.
1) Develop a Positive Mindset.
Positive thinking is a form of thinking that usually tries to find the best results from
the worst circumstances. Furthermore, Peale (1996) states that positive thinking is
healthy thinking that is comprehensive because it contains a creative will to the real
elements in entrepreneurial life. Positive thoughts are thoughts that can build and
strengthen personality or character. Then we can become more mature individuals,
more daring to face challenges, and do great things. Positive thoughts will not make us
stop because of our limitations or weaknesses, but positive thoughts will make us look
for our strength day by day. Positive thinking is a logical way of thinking that looks at
things from a positive perspective towards themselves, others, and the state of their
environment. Therefore, he will not despair over the problems he faces and finds it easy
to find a way out. Positive thinking is a unit consisting of three components, namely
the content of the mind, the use of the mind, and the control of the mind.
2) Avoiding Negative Mindsets
Many people face the problem of negative thought patterns. Thoughts will affect
everyday life, including influencing emotions and behavior. We need to know how to
overcome negative thoughts to prevent negative consequences from arising. The good
news is you can change negative thinking habits by recognizing your mindset, changing
what you think, thinking more optimistically, and overcoming negative thoughts in the
right way, namely as follows:
1. Make a list of negative thoughts that come up spontaneously
2. Form a pattern from the list you made
3. Think about the consequences.
4. Record your thoughts.
CONCLUSION
The factors that influence the entrepreneurial mindset of UINSU management study
students are environmental factors, association with the community, education, and experience.
In developing entrepreneurship, an entrepreneur must develop his mindset based on positive
thinking patterns and avoid negative thinking patterns. The good news is you can change
negative thinking habits by recognizing your mindset, changing what you think, thinking more
optimistically, and overcoming negative thoughts in the right way, which is as follows. Make
a list of negative thoughts that arise spontaneously, form a pattern from the list you make, think
about the consequences, and record your thoughts.
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