Analysis of the Relationship Between Climate Change Impacts and Terrorism in ASEAN (1990-2018)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i4.357Keywords:
climate change, terrorism, ASEANAbstract
In August 1967, realizing that peace and stability is the catalyst to economic growth, 5 nations (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and The Philippines) formed the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The group eventually evolved and adding more members resulting with a grouping of 10 states with the addition of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao’s PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam. This paper intends to review the link between climate change and terrorism in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Association of Southeast Asian Nations/ASEAN). The datasets used to form the empirical model are the number of terrorist attacks from 1990-2018 recorded in the Global Terrorism Database (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) and Climate Change Indicators 1990-2018 recorded in The World Bank. Using multiple regression analysis, the study answered the research question as ‘An increase in access to electricity, rainfall, and farmland size has a statistical probability of increasing terrorism attacks in ASEAN, while an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, statistically has a probability of reducing terrorism attacks in ASEAN member states.
References
Asaka, J. O. (2021). Climate Change - Terrorism Nexus? A Preliminary Review/Analysis of the Literature. Perspectives on Terrorism, 15(1), 81–92. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26984799
Baird, R. A. (2006). Pyro-Terrorism—The Threat of Arson-Induced Forest Fires as a Future Terrorist Weapon of Mass Destruction. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29(5), 415–428. doi:10.1080/10576100600698477
Dodd, V. & Grierson, J. (2020), Greenpeace included with neo-Nazis on UK counter-terror list. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jan/17/greenpeace-included-with-neo-nazis-on-uk-counter-terror-list
Environmental Protection Agency. (2021, August 16). Climate Change Indicators in the United States. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators
Gerstl, A., & Helmke, B. (2011). The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Climate Change: A Threat to National, Regime, and Human Security. Human Security, 135–156. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1799-2_7
Grant S.W., Hickey G.L., Head S.J. (2018) Statistical primer: multivariable regression considerations and pitfalls. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019;55:179–85.
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland. (n.d.). The Global Terrorism Database (GTD) [Data file]. Retrieved from https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd
Islam, M. S., & Kieu, E. (2020). Tackling Regional Climate Change Impacts and Food Security Issues: A Critical Analysis across ASEAN, PIF, and SAARC. Sustainability, 12(3), 883. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030883
Government Regulation No. 61 Year 2011 (2011) Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca
Price, G. N., & Elu, J. U. (2017). Climate Change and Cross-State Islamist Terrorism in Nigeria. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 23(3). doi:10.1515/peps-2016-0047
Sandhiyudhya, A. (2016). Countering Terrorists in Southeast Asia: The Hardline Approach. Politica Vol 7 No 2
Silke, A. & Morrison, J. (2022). Gathering Storm: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Climate Change and Terrorism, Terrorism and Political Violence, 34:5, 883-893. DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2022.2069444
The Expert Group of the International Military Council on Climate and Security. (2020, February). World Climate Security Report 2020. International Military Council on Climate and Security. https://climateandsecurity.org/worldclimatesecurityreport2020/
The US Global Leadership Coalition. (2021). Climate Change and the Developing World: A Disproportionate Impact. https://www.usglc.org/blog/climate-change-and-the-developing-world-a-disproportionate-impact/
The White House. (2021, July 28). Remarks by President Biden at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/27/remarks-by-president-biden-at-the-office-of-the-director-of-national-intelligence/
The World Bank. (2017). What You Need to Know About Food Security and Climate Change. The World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/10/17/what-you-need-to-know-about-food-security-and-climate-change
The World Bank. (n.d.). Climate Change | Data. The World Bank - Data. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from https://data.worldbank.org/topic/climate-change
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Anwar Luqman Hakim, Zora A. Sukabdi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
