P-ISSN: 2808-5957
E-ISSN: 2808-6724
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810
DESCRIPTION OF THE USE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE FOR
SWAMEDICATION IN THE COMMUNITY OF BAYUNING VILLAGE, KADUGEDE
DISTRICT, KUNINGAN REGENCY
Merita Kristianti
1
, Fitri Zakiah
2
, Siti Pandanwangi
3
,
, Aldhi Bayu
4
1
Pharmacy Study Program, STIKes YPIB Majalengka, West Java, Indonesia
2,3,4
Pharmacy Study Program, STF YPIB Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia
Email: meritakristianti07@gmail.com, fz8880@gmail.com, sitipandanwangitw@gmail.com,
bayucapatra@gmail.com
Abstract
This study aims to describe the use of traditional medicine for self-medication in the community in
Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan Village. The type of research conducted is non-experimental research
on respondents who live in Bayuning Village with 35 respondents using a questionnaire. Sampling is
done by quota sampling. Analysis of the use of traditional medicine for self-medication was carried
out descriptively. The description of the use of traditional medicine in Bayuning Village is that
traditional medicine is used in various dosage forms to treat minor ailments, degenerative diseases and
some are used to treat infections. Most of the traditional medicines used do not cause side effects
(81%), when side effects occur, some respondents stop traditional medicine, but some go to the doctor
or switch to modern medicine. The dosage of use is based on personal experience or passed down
from family and most of them do not know the dosage of using these traditional medicines.
Keywords: self-medication, traditional medicine, bayuning village
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science © 2022 by International Journal Labs is licensed
under CC BY-SA 4.0
INTRODUCTION
Health is very important for life. Someone who feels sick will make efforts to get his health
back. Options for seeking healing from an illness include going to a doctor or self-medicating.
Part of the Indonesian population (49.5%) still uses traditional medicine in the form of
herbs, 4.5% of them consume traditional medicine every day and the rest consume it occasionally.
These traditional medicines can be in the form of their own concoction of traditional medicine or
industrial ones (Ismiyana, 2013). The country of Indonesia has its own wealth in traditional
medicine, of the 30,000 species of plants, 7,000 of which are plants that can be used as medicine
spread throughout the region. Indonesia also has around 280,000 traditional medicine practitioners
in various regions (Sembiring, 2015).
Self-medication is a self-medication effort. Self-medication is usually carried out to treat
complaints and minor ailments that many people experience, such as fever, pain, dizziness, cough,
influenza, stomach ulcers, worms, diarrhea, skin diseases and others. Drugs that are included in
the group of over-the-counter and limited-free drugs are relatively safe to use for self-medication
(Depkes, 2006).
Description Of The Use Of Traditional Medicine For Swamedication In The Community Of Bayuning Village,
Kadugede District, Kuningan Regency
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol 1 (No 8), Mei 2022
811
Susenas data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that more than 60% of the
community self-medicates. The results of the 2013 Basic Health Research show that 35.2% of
Indonesians keep medicines at home, either obtained from a doctor's prescription or purchased
freely themselves, of which 27.8% are antibiotics (Kemenkes, 2011).
Traditional medicine and traditional medicine have been integrated into the community,
used in overcoming health problems. The ability of the community to self-medicate, regarding
symptoms of disease and maintain health needs to be improved in order to maintain health for all
levels of society (Notoatmodjo, 2012). For this reason, traditional medicine and herbal medicine
have great potential because they are well known to the public, easy to obtain, relatively cheap
prices, and are part of the social culture of the community (Ismiyana, 2013).
The results of research conducted in the community of Warung Kondang Sub-district,
Cianjur Regency, West Java, showed that the community carried out self-medication on the
grounds that the illness was mild, cost-effective, time-saving and temporary in nature, namely the
first response before going to the puskesmas or mantri. Correct self-medication is still low because
people generally buy drugs in retail so they cannot read the information listed on the drug
packaging. In this study, the data obtained came from: RT heads, RW heads, teachers, health cadres
and housewives (Supardi & Notosiswoyo, 2005).
METHOD
The type of research used is non-experimental research with a survey method, the data
were analyzed descriptively. The data needed for this research was obtained through a field survey
(observation). The data are obtained directly from respondents who are in the area that has been
determined by the researcher. To obtain information from respondents, a questionnaire was used
that contained several semi-open questions, namely in the form of multiple choices that the
respondent could choose and an essay that could be answered as desired. This data will later
become primary data because it is obtained directly from sources or respondents. Questionnaire
data in the form of answers filled out by respondents were analyzed descriptively to determine the
percentage of the existence of the questionnaire in the population (Sugiyono, 2017).
In this study, the population is the entire community in Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan
Village. From the village population data, the total population is 4,145 people.
The sample size for this traditional medicine self-medication study was 100 respondents,
sampling was done by giving the desired quota or number in Bayuning Village. Obtained 100
respondents who are willing to become respondents with the inclusion criteria that have been
determined by the researcher. Sampling for this research can be done by means of quota sampling
technique. The questionnaire was distributed from January to February 2021 with 100 respondents.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of the answers from 100 respondents who have filled out the
questionnaire voluntarily taken from Bayuning Village. The demographics of the respondents
were obtained which included age, gender, occupation, and last education.
Description Of The Use Of Traditional Medicine For Swamedication In The Community Of Bayuning Village,
Kadugede District, Kuningan Regency
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol 1 (No 8), Mei 2022
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Characteristics of respondents in the study with the title description of the use of
traditional medicine for self-medication in the community in Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan
Village can be seen in table 1.
Table 1. Characteristics of Respondents in Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan Village in
2021 (n=100)
No. Characteristics of Respondents Total Percentage ( %)
1. Age (years)
17-30
57
57
31-60
43
43
2. Gender
Male
61
61
Female
39
39
3. Occupation
Entrepreneurs
20
20
Students
16
16
IRT
15
15
Farmers
13
13
Private employees
13
13
Civil servants
8
8
Labor
8
8
Students
6
6
Retired
1
1
4. Last Education
Senior High School
75
75
Description Of The Use Of Traditional Medicine For Swamedication In The Community Of Bayuning Village,
Kadugede District, Kuningan Regency
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol 1 (No 8), Mei 2022
813
College
25
25
Total
100
100
Sources of information on traditional medicines can be seen in table 2.
Table 2. Sources of Information on Traditional Medicines Obtained by
Respondents in Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan Village in 2021
(n=100)
No source of information Total Percentage (%)
1. Ancestral/family traditions
29
29
2. Relatives / neighbors
23
23
3. Print or electronic media
48
48
Total
100
100
Most of the information obtained is from print/electronic media. Meanwhile, the family
has an important role in providing information about traditional medicine. Family is a group of
people who live together in the same residence. The family is the closest party to the respondent,
so it is from this family that the respondent obtains information about traditional medicine.
The types of diseases most suffered by the community are described in table 3.
Table 3. Types of diseases that have been suffered and self-treated by
respondents in Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan Village in 2021 (n=100)
No Type of Disease Total Percentage (%
1. Cough
51
28.98
2. Fever/fever
56
31.82
3. Diarrhea
33
18.75
4. Hypertension
36
20.45
Total
170
100
Description Of The Use Of Traditional Medicine For Swamedication In The Community Of Bayuning Village,
Kadugede District, Kuningan Regency
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol 1 (No 8), Mei 2022
814
Generally, diseases that are often self-treated are: cough, fever/fever, digestive disorders,
and hypertension. Respondents from the Bayuning village community treated using homemade
traditional medicine in the form of a decoction or steeping such as to treat fever using boiled ginger
or lime water, to treat hypertension using boiled water from cat whiskers or bitter leaves while to
treat diarrhea using a decoction of guava leaves. Respondents from the Bayuning village
community who use boiled ginger or lime water to reduce fever are 56%, and those who use
decoction of cat whiskers and bitter leaves to treat hypertension are 36%, while respondents who
use guava leaf decoction to cure diarrhea by 33%.
The most common types of traditional medicines used are described in the table 4.
Table 4. Types of Traditional Medicines Ever Used by Respondents in Bayuning
Kadugede Kuningan Village in 2021 (n=100)
No Type of Medicine Total Percentage (%)
1. Jamu
48
34.29
2. Herbal Medicine
69
49.29
3. Phytopharmaca
23
16.49
Total
140
100
Types of traditional medicines that have been used by respondents in Bayuning village are
Jamu, Standardized Herbal Medicine and Fitofarmaka. The herbs referred to here are all traditional
medicinal preparations, both purchased freely and the results of their own concoction. Examples
of standardized herbal medicines are OBH Herbal, Tolak Angin, Kiranti then examples of
Fitofarmaka drugs are Stimuno, Tensigard, Xgra, Nodiar, Inlacin, VipAlbum plus, Rheumaneer.
Respondents in Bayuning Village using or consuming herbal medicine by 48%, this
indicates that the community is quite interested in consuming herbal medicine because the price is
affordable and the side effects are relatively small to cure the disease. Meanwhile, Standardized
Herbal Medicines (OHT) are 69% more in demand because they appear more often in mass media
advertisements so that people in Bayuning village use drugs more according to advertising media
information sources. Respondents who consume phytopharmaca drugs are 23%. The low value of
the use of Fitofarmaka drugs is because the Bayuning village community does not know about
Fitofarmaka drugs.
In general, the people of Bayuning Village use dosage forms which can be seen in table 5.
Description Of The Use Of Traditional Medicine For Swamedication In The Community Of Bayuning Village,
Kadugede District, Kuningan Regency
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol 1 (No 8), Mei 2022
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Table 5. Traditional Medicine dosage forms used by respondents in
Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan Village in 2012 (n=325)
No Dosage form Total Percentage (%)
1. Ginger or lime water decoction
56
46,67
2. Bitter leaf water decoction or cat whiskers
leaves
36
30
3. Guava leaf water decoction
33
27.5
Total
120
100
The processing of traditional medicines varies greatly, ranging from those that are still
carried out in simple ways such as boiling or brewing to those using advanced technology that are
packaged. The people of Bayuning Village themselves mostly use preparations in the form of
herbal medicine because herbal medicine is easy to obtain, namely by using plants that are around.
The most side effects caused can be seen in table 6.
Table 6. Side Effects Experienced by Respondents in Bayuning Kadugede
Kuningan Village in 2021 (n=100)
No Side effects Total Percentage (%)
1. No side effects
81
81
2. Nausea
11
11
3. Dizziness
8
8
Total
100
100
Most respondents did not appear harmful side effects of drugs while using traditional
medicines, from these results it can be concluded that traditional medicines are considered safe in
their use because the side effects are relatively very small.
Actions taken when there are side effects that most respondents take are described in table 8.
Description Of The Use Of Traditional Medicine For Swamedication In The Community Of Bayuning Village,
Kadugede District, Kuningan Regency
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol 1 (No 8), Mei 2022
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Table 7. Actions taken when there are side effects by respondents in Bayuning
Kadugede Kuningan Village in 2021 (n=100)
No Action Total Percentage (%)
1. Check with the doctor
18
9
2. Switch to modern medicine
70
35
3. Left
12
6
4. Keep going
25
12.5
5. Stop taking traditional medicine
75
37.5
Total
200
100
Respondents in bayuning village prefer to switch to treatment using modern medicine if
there is a side effect or feel a side effect, which is 70% in addition to switching to treatment using
modern medicine, there are also respondents in bayuning village who immediately check with a
doctor if they feel side effects, which is equal to 18% due to worry that something unwanted will
happen and there are also respondents who let it feel the side effects because the perceived side
effects are not so bad the respondents chose to let it go, out of a total of 100 respondents only
12% chose to let the side effects of using traditional medicine alone . Respondents who continue
to take traditional medicine as much as 25% and 70% of the total respondents who do not continue
to use traditional medicine.
Knowledge of the dose of the respondent's traditional medicine use is described in table 8.
Table 8. Knowledge of the dose of the respondent's traditional medicine use
in Bayuning Kadugede Kuningan Village in 2021 (n=100)
No Side Effects Total Percentage (%)
1. Knowing the dose of traditional medicine use.
28
28
2. Do not know the dose of traditional medicine use
72
72
Total
100
100
Respondents in the village of Bayuning more who do not know the dose of traditional
medicine that is 72% while those who know the dose of use are 28%.
Description Of The Use Of Traditional Medicine For Swamedication In The Community Of Bayuning Village,
Kadugede District, Kuningan Regency
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, Vol 1 (No 8), Mei 2022
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CONCLUSION
Gambaran penggunaan obat tradisional di Desa Bayuning adalah obat tradisional
digunakan dalam berbagai bentuk sediaan untuk mengatasi penyakit ringan, penyakit
degeneratif dan ada yang menggunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi. Obat tradisional yang
digunakan kebanyakan tidak memunculkan efek samping (81 %), ketika muncul efek samping
beberapa responden menghentikan obat tradisional, tetapi ada yang pergi kedokter atau beralih
ke obat modern. Dosis pemakaian di dasarkan atas pengalaman pribadi atau turun temurun dari
keluarga. Masyarakat desa Bayuning masih banyak yang tidak mengetahui dosis penggunaan
obat tradisional.
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